A Comparison of Shakespeares Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli’s The Princ

A Comparison of Prince Hamlet and Machiavelli's The Princeâ â â â â â â â â â Â Â â Machiavelli expresses that it is essential for a sovereign, who wishes to look after himself, to figure out how not to be acceptable, and utilize this information and not use it, as indicated by the need of the case. Machiavelli's thoughts both thoroughly analyze to the techniques utilized by Hamlet. Hamlet's longing to make the lord distraught and inevitably slaughter him, is the thing that he figures he should do so as to fix things. Hamlet battles to keep up his situation as ruler. Maybe he comes up short on the basic characteristics of a sovereign delineated by Machiavelli. Â As indicated by Machiavelli, the quest for all things viewed as prudent and commendable will just prompt the sovereign's ruin. This is totally obvious on account of Hamlet, since he is on a mission to vindicate his dad's demise. The fight among great and shrewdness is continually in the cutting edge of Hamlet's brain, as he falters between acting common or seeking retribution by and large. In the first place, Hamlet battles to stay great consistently, however this causes him outrageous anguish. Hamlet is a fair man, who laments for his dad. He endures in view of the deceitfulness of the others in the court, particularly his mom and his uncle, and later, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Hamlet can see through them all, and understand that they're untrustworthy. He expresses these words to Guildenstern: Anything besides to th' reason. You were sent for, and there is a sort of admission in your looks, which your modesties have not make enough to shading. I know the great King and Queen hav e sent for you. (Hamlet, II, ii., 278-280) Â Hamlet's genuineness is additionally observed when he is talking with his mom. In act I, scene ii, Gertrude asks him for what reason the de... ...e his objective was to get and hold power. He needed to demonstrate Claudius to be an unfit ruler, and he did as such, however just as Hamlet himself was going to pass on. Hamlet needed to cause anguish by slaughtering the ruler, yet at long last, he is viewed as a legend, since he exposed his dad's executioner. Â Sources Cited and Consulted: Dark, Terry A. Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet. http://www.palomar.edu/Library/shake.htm. Jones, W. T. Bosses of Political Thought. Ed. Edward, McChesner, and Sait. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Lee A. Jacobus.â A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers.â fifth version. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1998. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Slope Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. Shakespeare, William. The Three-Text Hamlet. Eds. Paul Bertram and Bernice Kliman. New York: AMS Press, 1991.

The Three Little Pigs

Growing up I’m sure numerous children had confidence in all fantasies, giving them the motivation to think everything in life must be great, for instance having the ideal kid/sweetheart and living joyfully ever after with him/her, or being rich and live in this large palace, and getting everything without exception they may need. As we as a whole know in all fantasies there’s constantly a defeat, on the grounds that there’s consistently somebody negative that’s frustrating another person from being glad or free. On account of the Three Little Pigs there was a wolf that harassed three blameless little pigs. The notable fantasy takes its crowd on an excursion of three pigs and a wolf. Albeit most if not all fantasies are pretend, a portion of the things in them are like genuine circumstances. In the wake of perusing the fantasy, it is anything but difficult to relate this invented story to something we face in our general public now which is tormenting. There are a few comparable qualities of the wolf and the normal â€Å"bully† which are not constrained to the way that both anticipate control and accommodation, display physical terrorizing, and feeds on control. In this specific fantasy the wolf assumed the job of a domineering jerk. The wolf chose to torment the pigs until he got what he needed simply like the run of the mill menace. In the fantasy the pigs out hurt the domineering jerk and made him flee crying, shows kids that harassers are not too extreme in terrible within, it’s a front they put on to get what they need and to get regard. As the wolf flees crying gives us that the story is finished and in spite of the fact that they may not say it yet it leaves us to accept the three little pigs are carrying on a cheerfully ever after gratitude to the pig with the block house. As we as a whole know that’s not really how a genuine story may end, the harasser may flee crying however it as a rule returns multiple times harder. Menaces are typically the meanest looking individuals around, generally greater than there casualties, and furthermore frightening looking. Tormenting unravels nothing; it messes more up, and gives the foes low confidence for the following individual. Most domineering jerks typically meet there coordinate simply like in the fantasy the Three Little Pigs. The domineering jerk played with the two most fragile pigs first and he won, yet the third pig set out to appear as something else and faced him and beat the competition leaving the harasser with a face brimming with tears and a hot base from attempting to slither down the fireplace. That’s at times everything necessary is for that one individual to develop the guts to confront a domineering jerk, not to advance viciousness yet once in a while that might be the main way out. The third little pig cut on bubbling water when the wolf was attempting to get down his stack to show him a thing or two they’ve been implying to him the whole time, and that was simply to disregard them. The harasser needed to be insatiable and to get what he needed, and wound up getting an unexpected end result. In the story we may know there’s three little pig siblings that all intended to live in isolated homes now that their more established. The initial two pigs assembled their homes out of sticks and straw, the wolf tagged along and handily blew their home down. The last pig was the most intelligent on the grounds that he fabricated his home out of blocks, and by and by along came the large awful wolf. The wolf originally thumped and the pig addressed yes who’s there, and the wolf said it’s a poor little sheep searching for food let me in. The pig wasn’t tricked and didn’t let him in so the wolf started attempting to fit and puff and blow his home down as he did to his siblings. The wolf attempted and attempted until he turned blue however the house wouldn’t move. The wolf at that point recognized the fireplace and chose to go down it to get in. The pig heard him so he started bubbling high temp water and included fire then the wolf got set ablaze. Notice I never referenced what befell the pigs after the wolf blew their homes down, leaving us to accept that the pigs all carried on a joyfully ever after. Well not in the commented on Three Little Pigs from London, by David Nutt, the initial two pigs were eaten by the wolf after he huffed and puffed and blew their home down. Toward the end the third little pig bubbled and ate the wolf after it descended the stack and fell in the bubbling water. In the Walt Disney story for the Three Little Pigs, when the wolf blew the first pig’s house down he hurried to the second pig’s house made of sticks. The wolf came there and blew his home down and they hurried to their brother’s house with the blocks. At that point when the wolf attempted to descend the fireplace they did anyway bubble high temp water and include some warmth. Rather than the wolf stalling out in the pot and getting eaten by the pig, the warmth flew the wolf directly pull out of the smokestack. The Three Little Pigs show youngsters ethics through intriguing stories. At the point when it was first made it was called â€Å"The Wolf and the seven Young children. † That rendition and the Walt Disney adaptation show duty in light of the fact that the pigs needed to assemble their own home for security from the wolf. Obligation is something all adaptations of the Three Little Pigs share. The pigs are autonomous, indicating that difficult work is constantly granted and trust me it truly is. Additionally in the Disney adaptation when the pigs were all together, and the wolf was attempting his hardest to get in. the pigs confronted him as one in the block house and really sent him home crying. That just shows cooperation, holding, and courage; and it could likewise enable an individual to face life conflicts all through life. The wolf had no still, small voice or cares when it went to the results to his activities. Which is much the same as a domineering jerk nowadays, they don’t care about getting in a difficult situation what so ever. Those are the ones we for the most part find in prison till this day. Toward the finish of the story when the wolf attempted to go down the stack and get scorched, represents that terrible conduct isn't acknowledged and it in the long run prompts some discipline. I’ve referenced collaboration and obligation. For instance when there’s a youngster viewing the film they’re not going to consider how the pigs collaborated and brought down the wolf and consider it cooperation or holding. Thought the youngsters simply appear to be so into the pigs, after it I’m sure they become familiar with a little duty and some great ethics throughout everyday life. Taking a gander at the Brothers Grimm version†¦ The examination of the two stories are to some degree the equivalent in spite of the fact that the London rendition of the story might be more vicious than the story we may know, there both comparative on the grounds that the third little pig accomplished something his siblings didn’t which is think carefully and face the harasser as it were. At the point when you read the London adaptation it appears it’s simpler to identify with on the grounds that it’s progressively like a genuine story. The initial two little pigs got ate since they weren’t thinking carefully; the third pig was more brilliant than his sibling and endure.

Financing Your Business through Venture Capital

Financing Your Business through Venture Capital © Shutterstock.com | DRogatnevIn this article, we will start with 1) an introduction to venture capital and 2) venture capital terms you should know, continuing then with 3) people behind venture capital funds, 4) how to choose the right VC fund for a business, 5) the process of getting venture capital funding, and 6) a conclusion.INTRODUCTION TO VENTURE CAPITALWh ­en a new business is started, money is required to launch it, to pay employees, and to rent space, furniture, equipment, supplies etc. Often, ventures are financed through means other than banks and financial institutions, which may refuse financing due to a number of reasons including high risk or innovative business ideas. In such cases, venture capital is a good way to finance your venture. Funds lent by investors to startups and small businesses with expected longer term growth potential, is venture capital. It is investing in an enterprise where there is a substantial element of risk for the investor, yet it has the potential for greater than average returns.Venture capital funding is most often in the form of cash for a share in the equity of the startup. Most VC comes from an investor group, investment banks or other funding enterprises. These investors are not merely funding your venture, they also are experts of their field and will want to have a say in the administration and running of your business.There are some differences between venture capital and traditional funding. The most important ones are:VC focuses on startup business and young companies that are expected to grow exponentially.VC invests cash in exchange of equity, which means that the VC’s have a more active role as compared to traditional funding sources where there is no investment but a cash loan is provided.VC invests in companies that are high risk, but expected to yield higher returns.The investment provided by VC is for a longer term than traditional finance.VC has an active directorial governance of the enterprise , as also in strategic marketing, and technical guardianship, etc.VC funding is conditional to the enterprise going public at the end of a period of 3 â€" 7 years in the hope that by then the company will have become profitable and the equity can be cashed and profit booked. The cash thus realized for VC firm is put back into the fund. A successful cycle for the VC fund portfolio is to profit manifold over the original investments. The profits are disbursed to the investors according to their contribution percentage of the fund.For example, a fund invests $100 million in 10 companies ($10 million each). Some of these will fail, some stand still, and some may do well enough to go public. Those that eventually go public, may be worth a hundred million dollars. From a $100 million total bet, a fund may yield $200 million over a 3 -7 year period. The law of averages works here with the successful ventures covering up for the not so successful investments for the VC. The skill of the art is, Knowledge.VENTURE CAPITAL TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOWEquity capitalEquity capital or funding, means cash raised by an enterprise in return for a share of ownership in the company. It is represented by outright ownership of shares and stock, or a legal agreement and status to convert other financial instruments into stock. Key sources of equity are angel investors and VC firms. VC is long term or “patient capital”, which gives startup firms time to mature as profitable entities before encashing the investment.Venture fundA classic approach for VC firm is to open a fund; i.e. a pool of money, attracted from wealthy individuals, companies, and pension funds, etc., for the VC firm to invest. The firm raises a fixed amount for the fund.Seed fundingWhen a private individual or investor finances a startup in its initial stages, it is known as seed funding. The amount invested as seed capital or seed money is dependent entirely upon the investor’s whim. The money is invested in exchang e for an equity share in the startup. This is very early stage funding, to support a venture until it can sustain itself, or is ready for more investment. Seed options include family, friends, angels, and crowdfunding.Series A FinanceThe initial phase of finance for a young firm venture after seed investment is called Series A Finance. Generally, it is the first opportunity offered to external investors to make an investment in a startup. Series A may be in the form of preferred stock and include non-dilution exceptions, in the event that a further financing round occurs in the future.  Known also as ‘A round’ financing, it tends to occur when a company is generating some revenue, but rarely will a business generate net profits at this stage.Second RoundIt is the financing of working capital  for early stage companies that are selling products, but not quite yielding a profit. This is also known as a ‘Series B’ round.Bridge FinancingWhen a startup requires extra funding betw een full VC rounds it called Bridge Financing. This is typically to raise small amounts rather than a full funding. Generally the existing investors will fund the bridge finance too, but it is not essential that they do so.Capital call or Draw downThis is a legal call by a company that has been promised funding to demand it of its investors. Sometimes, the VC also face a cash crunch due to slow financial market or other related reasons, under such circumstances, they are unable to find the money required to invest in a company that they had promised to fund. Under such conditions, the company can legally demand the funds it has been promised by the VC.PEOPLE BEHIND VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDSWho runs a VC fund, and their powers?Former entrepreneurs, financial professionals, and similarly experienced individuals set up VC funds. These individuals are called the GP’s or the general partners. They are the people who decide the size, investment options, and offers of a VC fund. Based upon t hese recommendations, suggestions and offering memorandum, investors who wish to become the limited partners or LP’s invest their money in the fund.GPs They are the people who manage the VC fund and make investment decisions on its behalf. GP’s typically place personal capital up to 1 2% of the fund’s total amount to show their commitment to the LP’s.Venture Partners They are the deal brokers for the fund. These are the partners who find the investment options for the fund and its partners. They get a percentage of the deals they introduce as compensation.Principals They are mid-level players in the fund and are often working their way up to the position of becoming a partner in a fund. They are generally people who have risen up the ranks from associates to senior associates. They often have commensurate expertise in an allied field, such as  management consulting, or a sector that’s of keen interest to the VC fund’s strategy.Associates This is an entry level posit ion in the VC. They may rise through the ranks if they are good enough. Normally, to become an associate in a VC, the person has to have a few years’ experience in an allied field such as investment banking and management consultancy.Entrepreneur in Residence EIR’s are the resident evaluators of the VC funds. They are generally experts of their field and are entrusted to study any potential investment opportunity, sound it out and approve it before the VC makes an offer for investment. EIR’s are temporarily commissioned by VC firms, typically for periods of six to eighteen months.HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT VC FUND FOR A BUSINESSChoosing the right fund for your business very important. You need to know which funds are interested in your line of business before you approach them. Do your research about a fund by defining your needs and asking questions such as:Do I need funding?What type of funding do I need?What is the stage of my firm’s development, and what level of VC invest ment is sought?What is the quantum of funding the firm requires?Once you have determined your own requirements then you can begin your research on the VC funds that might be interested in your firm. Research the VC firms by:Finding out as much as they can about a fund: Internet has provided you a powerful tool to discover more about the VC you are interested in. look up the internet to learn about the firm and what is being said about it on the social media. This will provide you with a clear enough picture to determine whether the VC is for you or not.Asking Questions about the funding and viability of the fund: Study the investment pattern of the fund. If it hasn’t made an investment in the past few months, it could mean that the fund might be facing finance crunch. Also look into the average size of the funding to know how much funding you can expect.Discovering the fund cycle and pace: Most funds have a fund cycle and pace at which they fund new ventures. They may be funding o nly so many ventures in a quarter. If their quota is over, it is useless expecting them to invest with you.Whether the partners in the fund work well together: A fund where the partners all work together well is the one you should associate yourself with. Cohesiveness is important since these people are going to be sitting on your management board and directing your business to an extent. If there is no harmony it is bound to affect your enterprise too.Look for the perfect angel investor: Pick out your angel investors wisely. Look for people who are well connected in the VC world and will help you later in finding a VC to invest in your idea.Choose wisely: Above all, choose your VC wisely. Do not hurry into the contract look at all the pros and cons before accepting an offer.If you are looking for a venture capital fund here is a good resource of the top 100 Funds that invest in early stage startups.THE PROCESS OF GETTING VENTURE CAPITAL FUNDINGOverall, the process of VC funding usu ally involves several phases in a companys development, which generally follow these steps:Step 1: Preparing a Business Plan.This is perhaps the most important part of the process of VC funding. You need to have a detailed business plan with all the various stages of your venture described in detail including the financial outlay for each stage. It should systematically assess all factors critical to the business and its goals. It should be accompanied with a Mission Statement which is a concise outline of your business and summarizes the intended business purpose, goals and exactly how they will be executed. Focus on the specialty market intending to be served and the USP of your venture. More often, specialists fare better with VCs.Step 2: Contacting VCs and pitching business idea.The next step is to find a VC and to present your business plan to them in order to interest them in your project and get a promise for investment. Ensure that you include the resumes of all the major pe ople involved in your enterprise and their previous experience in similar projects. It helps if you concentrate on the following:People behind the firm: VC’s are more interested in the potential of the people who are behind the idea being pitched to them. They are more likely to be interested in projects where the associated people have a track record of some sort and have experience in their field. Also passion and enthusiasm for the project also affects the decisions of VC’s.Try to get referrals : VC’s place a much higher priority on companies and entrepreneurs that are referred or endorsed by people they know and trust. This is why it is important to have angel investors or consultants who are well known or connected in the VC world. They can then get you a warm introduction which can go a long way in settling the decision in your favor.Gain traction, follow up: Before the VC’s loosen their pockets for you they need to be sure that you have the wherewithal to deliver what you promise and that your project has market potential. This may necessitate a pilot project or beta testing to demonstrate the market traction. Follow up the market test with reports that can be displayed to the VCs to convince them off the viability of your project.Step 3: First Contact with VC (a call with an associate).You start at the bottom with an associate of the VC looking over your Mission statement or business plan to determine whether the VC would be interested in your project or not. This is the person who determines the future of your venture at a VC. If the associate is convinced of the idea, he then schedules a call to speak to you about the project and where you wish to take it. If this goes well then the your file moves along to the next level to a partner meeting where you plan may be discussed.Step 4: First Meeting.If your plan is good enough to interest a partner, you may be invited to a meeting. This initial meeting could be scheduled at their office or your o ffice, whichever is more convenient for both parties. You can expect to be asked the following during this meeting:What is your experience and your educational background and other such questions that may give them insight about you and your abilities.Details of your team members and their qualifications and experience to gauge the overall expertise of the entire team.Who or what you perceive as your competitors and how your project will match up to the competition.About Product Differentiation.Whether you are aware of your market and its size.What exactly your funding requirements are.If you arrive at a general valuation range that suits both parties, the partner may require a presentation in person, or via videoconferencing to their associates.Step 5: Initial Due Diligence.Once the partners are satisfied with their interaction with you and your presentation of your project. They may ask for your financial records to go through them to ascertain the health and viability of your com pany. They may also ask to speak to your team members and customers to gauge your worth.Step 6: Term Sheet.If all is proceeding positively, the VC firm may furnish you with a term sheet. This document contains the details of all the terms and conditions under which you are being offered the money. This is generally about three to ten pages and is indicative of an investment interest. The VC, with the term sheet, is attempting to forge agreement around the general terms of a deal before lawyers create a thorough investment agreement proposal.Step 7: Negotiations (about valuation and other terms).Go over the term sheet with your lawyer and if there are any areas you feel need to be negotiated, mark them out to be discussed with a partner or an associate. Bear in mind that a term sheet contains comprehensive protection clauses for the VC, these can significantly reduce any valuation to an entrepreneur. Its vital to engage an experienced lawyer with you, to negotiate a term sheet. This process may take several months. Your negotiating power is limited by certain factor such as your need for money, you and your firm’s reputation, the need for the finance, experience, market conditions, etc.Step 8: Complete due diligence.This may require a full disclosure of all your financial records, documents, contracts, etc. The VCs have to know all about your project before they hand over their money to you. You need not be scared, just provide the information asked for. Remember, they are going to be part owners in your venture as well as co-administrators and decision makers, so there is nothing to hide here really.This due diligence will cover many aspects including:Full business planDetailed sales pipeline by customer typeDetailed operational plan and budgetHiring planDetailed revenue assumptionsAudited financial statementsBank reconciliation detailProduct Pricing listDetailed product roadmapCustomer, Employee, Insurance, and Lease contractsRelevant whitepapers and analys t coverageDetails on IT infrastructureCurrent partner listLead generation processesCustomer satisfaction surveyCustomer reference listDetails on intellectual propertyCurrent capitalization chart with options detailOrganizational chartSalary and bonus structure for companyEmployee turnoverManagement background checksCompetitive analysisExpected acquirersPast board meeting minuteStep 9: Investment documents and signing them.Signing terms prematurely, before completing due diligence is construed as a desperate act. However, assuming progress, you will receive a final investment document from the VC’s lawyer. Review it closely with your legal team and negotiate required alterations. Pay attention to any representations or warranties you are confirming as an officer of the company, and also personally. A final investment document usually states:Share Purchase Agreement;Investor Rights Agreement;Right of First Refusal and Co-Sale Agreement;Voting Agreement.VCs dont generally want the co mmon shares that exist when a company is founded; they want preferred shares as they have a number of protections, like liquidation preferences and voting rights. These provide VC’s with downside protection and control.Step 10: Execution with VC support.Once the documents are signed, the VCs start taking active interest in the enterprise. Typically the funds are not invested in one go. They are released over a period of time and are most often linked with milestones completed.Step 11: Exit.Though VCs are investing in you for a longer term than traditional financer would, they are in it only to nurture you and take you so far, book a profit and then take their leave of your venture. This process may take about 4-7 years. The exits are planned through merger, or acquisitions, or through going public and launching an IPO.CONCLUSIONOf the thousands companies with business plans that apply a vast majority never get anywhere near a VC. Hundreds of applications are examined each day and may be just one or two of those may make it anywhere beyond an associate’s desk. So the question rises, how likely is it to get venture capital funding?If you are in a severe cash crunch and have a winning business plan, you may try the VCs for funding. Overwhelmingly, VCs prefer to invest in any enterprise after its potential has been exampled and an investor’s risk diminished. VC’s are choosy! In a free capitalist market place there is always more hope than actual success.By building a venture to a level where its potential is self-evident, one is more assured of attracting several VC funds. This enables one to choose the better VC fit for an enterprise, to negotiate preferable terms, while retaining more of the business and its control. But if you already have a proven business plan, then do you really need a VC in the long run? You would be handing over a large piece of your pie and administrative rights to a VC in exchange for finance.There are no simple remedies here. VC ’s could be the greatest thing to happen to a company or the worst scenario. The choice is to finance a startup oneself, and for the time being stay small, or take a risk and seek venture capital. However, be aware that in the marriage, there is no divorce.Just because one reads about venture capital, the venture capitalists, and their publicized winners, does not automatically translate to one receiving a slice of that VC fund. So think before you waste your precious time chasing the VC dream.

A Raisin Of The Sun By Lorraine Hansberry And Eveline

Fear can control peoples’ actions. This is demonstrated in two very different texts. One is titled A Raisin in the sun and the other is titled Eveline. A Raisin of the Sun is by Lorraine Hansberry and Eveline is by James Joyce. These works of literature were done at different times and by authors with very different backgrounds. A Raisin in the sun and Eveline have the same story line, but uses different styles of writing, elements, and outcomes to express the significance of the character’s behavior and thought process. Both works of literature is composed around the characters’ challenging lives. These characters are exhausted of their situation. They want to escape, but must overcome a looming hurdle. Fear, fear of failing, is their biggest hurdle and influence. These works takes the reader on a journey into discovering the characters’ choices and reasoning. These two literary works are written in two different styles. Eveline is written in the form of a short story. In the short story, the point of view is in third person. The Story gives a detail description of the nature of the setting and feelings that are portrayed by the character, Eveline. A Raisin in the sun is written in the nature of a Play. That means it is meant to be relayed in a theater with actors and actresses demonstrating the story from their own perspectives. There is a lot more dialogue in a play than in a short story. The play takes up more Symbolism plays a big part in Eveline. An example is a

Exploring the Art and Architecture of Alhambra

Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal Free Essays

string(131) " paragraph outlines your expected results, how you will interpret them, and how they will fit into the our larger understanding i\." Guidelines on writing a research proposal Introduction This is a guide to writing M. A. research proposals. We will write a custom essay sample on Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The same principles apply to dissertation proposals and to proposals to most funding agencies. It includes a model outline, but advisor, committee and funding agency expectations vary and your proposal will be a variation on this basic theme. Use these guidelines as a point of departure for discussions with your advisor. They may serve as a straw-man against which to build your understanding of both your project and of proposal writing. For USM students, the same rules apply as for proposals everywhere in the world. Proposal Writing Proposal writing is important to your pursuit of a graduate degree. The proposal specifies what you will do, how you will do it, and how you will interpret the results. In specifying what will be done it also gives criteria for determining whether it is done. In approving the proposal, your committee gives their best judgment that the approach to the research is reasonable and likely to yield the anticipated results. Both parties benefit from an agreed upon plan. The objective in writing a proposal is to describe what you will do, why it should be done, how you will do it and what you expect will result. Being clear about these things from the beginning will help you complete your thesis in a timely fashion. A good thesis proposal hinges on a good idea. Once you have a good idea, you can draft the proposal in an evening. Getting a good idea hinges on familiarity with the topic. This assumes a longer preparatory period of reading, observation, discussion, and incubation. Read everything that you can in your area of interest. Figure out what are the important and missing parts of our understanding. Figure out how to build/discover those pieces. Live and breathe the topic. Talk about it with anyone who is interested. Then just write the important parts as the proposal. Filling in the things that we do not know and that will help us know more: that is what research is all about. Proposals help you estimate the size of a project. Don’t make the project too big. Your proposal will be perhaps five pages and certainly no more than fifteen pages long. For perspective, the American National Science Foundation limits the length of proposal narratives to 15 pages, even when the request might be for multiple hundreds of thousands of dollars. It is the merit of the proposal which counts, not the weight. ) Shoot for five pithy pages that indicate to a relatively well-informed audience that you know the topic and how its logic hangs together, rather than fifteen or twenty pages that indicate that you have read a lot of things but not yet boiled it down to a set of prioritized linked questions. Different Theses, Similar Proposals In the abstract all proposals are very similar. They need to show a reasonably informed reader why a particular topic is important to address and how you will do it. To that end, a proposal needs to show how your work fits into what is already known about the topic and what new contribution your work will make. Specify the question that your research will answer, establish why it is a significant question, show how you are going to answer the question, and indicate what you expect we will learn. The proposal should situate the work in the literature, it should show why this is an (if not the most) important question to answer in the field, and convince your committee that your approach will in fact result in an answer to the question. Theses which address research questions that can be answered by making plan-able observations (and hypothesis testing) are preferred and perhaps the easiest to write. Because they address well-bounded topics, they can be very tight, but they do require more planning on the front end. Theses which re largely based on synthesis of observations, rumination, speculation, and opinion formation are harder to write, and usually not as convincing, often because they address questions which are not well-bounded and essentially unanswerable. Literature review-based theses involve collection of information from the literature, distillation of it, and coming up with new insight on an issue. One problem with this type of research is that you might find the perfect succinct answer to your question on the night before (or after) you turn in the final draft — in someone else’s work. This certainly can knock the wind out of your sails. (But note that even a straight-ahead science thesis can have the problem of late in the game discovering that the work you have done or are doing has already been done, this is where familiarity with the relevant literature by both yourself and your committee members is important. ) A Couple of Models for Proposals A Two Page (Preliminary Proposal) Model Here is a model for a very brief (maybe five paragraph) proposal that you might use to interest faculty in sitting on your committee. People who are not yet hooked may especially appreciate its brevity. In the first paragraph, the first sentence identifies the general topic area. The second sentence gives the research question, and the third sentence establishes its significance. The next couple of paragraphs gives the larger historical perspective on the topic. Essentially list the major schools of thought on the topic and very briefly review the literature in the area with its major findings. Who has written on the topic and what have they found? Allocate about a sentence per important person or finding. Include any preliminary findings you have, and indicate what open questions are left. Restate your question in this context, showing how it fits into this larger picture. The next paragraph describes your methodology. It tells how will you approach the question, what you will need to do it. The final paragraph outlines your expected results, how you will interpret them, and how they will fit into the our larger understanding i. You read "Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" e. , ‘the literature’. The (Longer) Standard Model The Basic Thesis Outline Introduction Topic area Research question (finding? ) Significance to knowledge Literature review Previous research others yours Interlocking findings and Unanswered questions Your preliminary work on the topic The remaining questions and inter-locking logic Reprise of your research question(s) in this context Methodology Approach Data needs Analytic techniques Plan for interpreting results Results Discussion and Conclusions Bibliography You get the idea of what the proposal does for you and organizing your thoughts and approach. The section below goes into slightly more (boring) detail on what each of the points in the outline is and does. The Sections of the Proposal The Introduction Topic Area A good title will clue the reader into the topic but it cannot tell the whole story. Follow the title with a strong introduction. The introduction provides a brief overview that tells a fairly well informed (but perhaps non-specialist) reader what the proposal is about. It might be as short as a single page, but it should be very clearly written, and it should let one assess whether the research is relevant to their own. With luck it will hook the reader’s interest. What is your proposal about? Setting the topical area is a start but you need more, and quickly. Get specific about what your research will address. Question Once the topic is established, come right to the point. What are you doing? What specific issue or question will your work address? Very briefly (this is still the introduction) say how you will approach the work. What will we learn from your work? Significance Why is this work important? Show why this is it important to answer this question. What are the implications of doing it? How does it link to other knowledge? How does it stand to inform policy making? This should show how this project is significant to our body of knowledge. Why is it important to our understanding of the world? It should establish why I would want to read on. It should also tell me why I would want to support, or fund, the project. Literature Review State of our knowledge The purpose of the literature review is to situate your research in the context of what is already known about a topic. It need not be exhaustive; it needs to show how your work will benefit the whole. It should provide the theoretical basis for your work, show what has been done in the area by others, and set the stage for your work. In a literature review you should give the reader enough ties to the literature that they feel confident that you have found, read, and assimilated the literature in the field. It should probably move from the more general to the more focused studies, but need not be exhaustive, only relevant. Outstanding questions This is where you present the holes in the knowledge that need to be plugged and by so doing, situate your work. It is the place where you establish that your work will fit in and be significant to the discipline. This can be made easier if there is literature that comes out and says â€Å"Hey, this is a topic that needs to be treated! What is the answer to this question? † and you will sometimes see this type of piece in the literature. Research Questions in Detail Your work to date Tell what you have done so far. It might report preliminary studies that you have conducted to establish the feasibility of your research. It should give a sense that you are in a position to add to the body of knowledge. Methodology Overview of approach This section should make clear to the reader the way that you intend to approach the research question and the techniques and logic that you will use to address it. Data Collection This might include the field site description, a description of the instruments you will use, and particularly the data that you anticipate collecting. You may need to comment on site and resource accessibility in the time frame and budget that you have available, to demonstrate feasibility, but the emphasis in this section should be to fully describe specifically what data you will be using in your study. Part of the purpose of doing this is to detect flaws in the plan before they become problems in the research. Data Analysis This should explain in some detail how you will manipulate the data that you assembled to get at the information that you will use to answer your question. It will include the tools that you will use in processing the data, such as the type of interviews you will undertake, statistical software and techniques (if you’re doing a quantitative study), survey instruments, or any innovative approach you’re developing. It probably should also include an indication of the range of outcomes that you could reasonably expect from your observations. Interpretation In this section you should indicate how the anticipated outcomes will be interpreted to answer the research question. It is extremely beneficial to anticipate the range of outcomes from your analysis, and for each know what it will mean in terms of the answer to your question. Expected Results This section should give a good indication of what you expect to get out of the research. It should join the data analysis and possible outcomes to the theory and questions that you have raised. It will be a good place to summarize the significance of the work. It is often useful from the very beginning of formulating your work to write one page for this section to focus your reasoning as you build the rest of the proposal. Bibliography This is the list of the relevant works. There is no reason to cite irrelevant literature but it may be useful to keep track of it even if only to say that it was examined and found to be irrelevant. Use a standard format. Order the references alphabetically. Tips and Tricks Read. Read everything you can find in your area of interest. Read. Read. Read. Take notes, and talk to your advisor about the topic. If your advisor won’t talk to you, find another one or rely on ‘the net’ for intellectual interaction. Email has the advantage of forcing you to get your thoughts into written words that can be refined, edited and improved. It also gets time stamped records of when you submitted what to your advisor and how long it took to get a response. Write about the topic a lot, and don’t be afraid to tear up (delete) passages that just don’t work. Often you can re-think and re-type faster than than you can edit your way out of a hopeless mess. The advantage is in the re-thinking. Very early on, generate the research question, critical observation, interpretations of the possible outcomes, and the expected results. These are the core of the project and will help focus your reading and thinking. Modify them as needed as your understanding increases. Use some systematic way of recording notes and bibliographic information from the very beginning. The classic approach is a deck of index cards. You can sort, regroup, layout spatial arrangements and work on the beach. Possibly a slight improvement is to use a word-processor file that contains bibliographic reference information and notes, quotes etc. that you take from the source. This can be sorted, searched, diced and sliced in your familiar word-processor. You may even print the index cards from the word-processor if you like the ability to physically re-arrange things. Even better for some, is to use specialized bibliographic database software. Papyrus, Journler, EndNote, and other packages are available for PCs and MacIntoshs. Another pointer is to keep in mind from the outset that this project is neither the last nor the greatest thing you will do in your life. It is just one step along the way. Get it done and get on with the next one. Cover your topic, but don’t confuse it with too many loosely relevant side lines. The balance between Introduction and Literature Review needs to be thought out. The reader will want to be able to figure out whether to read the proposal. The literature review should be sufficiently inclusive that the reader can tell where the bounds of knowledge lie. It should also show what has been done and what seem to be accepted approaches in the field and the kinds of results that are being gotten. Useful References: Krathwohl, David R. 1988. How to Prepare a Research Proposal: Guidelines for Funding and Dissertations in the Social and Behavioral Sciences . Syracuse University Press. Recent National Science Foundations Guidelines for Research Proposals can be found on the NSF website, www. nsf. gov. Chamberlain, T. C. â€Å"The Method of Multiple Working Hypotheses†, reprinted in Science, Vol 148, pp754-759. 7 May 1965. Platt, J. â€Å"Strong Inference† in Science, Number 3642, pp. 347-353, 16 October 1964. Strunk and White The Elements of Style Turabian, Kate. 1955 (or a more recent edition) A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations, University of Chicago Press. Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren. 1940 (’67, ’72 etc). How to Read a Book. Simon and Schuster Publishers. New York City, NY. How to cite Guidelines on Writing a Research Proposal, Essays

Love and Morning From the Perspective of John Donne and Sylvia Plath Essay Essay Example

Love and Morning: From the Perspective of John Donne and Sylvia Plath Essay Paper John Donne’s The Good-Morrow and Sylvia Plath’s Morning Song at first glimpse. seem to speak about two different things. However. if one were to analyse the deepness of these two verse forms. it will finally uncover its shared positions about love and its distinguishable relation to forenoon. Both poems reveal an overpowering feeling of love that is influenced by another person. For Donne. it was his love involvement while for Plath. it was one of her kids. The two verse forms every bit used colourful imagination of love in its early phases. although taken into different contexts. Donne’s foremost few lines in The Good-Morrow had described his romantic feelings toward his lover by throwing inquiries of his worthiness in love. In lines 2 to 4. he compares his past life to that of an baby being weaned from the bottle or chest. in order to fulfill his infantile caprices. This could besides denote a lubricious yesteryear in which he had looked for instant satisfaction as that of a kid. merely to happen that the right love could merely be understood with a mature mentality in life ( 3 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Morning: From the Perspective of John Donne and Sylvia Plath Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Morning: From the Perspective of John Donne and Sylvia Plath Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Love and Morning: From the Perspective of John Donne and Sylvia Plath Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With respect to Plath’s Morning Song. lines 13 to 15 pigment a different image of a kid in the context of love as she sees the act of suckling as a mark of her contentment in being a female parent. Lines 1 T o3 expresses her joy in the birth of her kid as she merely describes the unbeatable nexus of a female parent to her kid. In peculiar. line 3 indicates the admiration of life through love when Plath states â€Å"Took its topographic point among the elements† ( 48 ) when she describes the birth of her kid. Line 4 conveys her felicity at the reaching of her kid. tie ining the baby to a statue in a museum. and she. a mere astonished observer. This is in contrast with Donne’s position in his verse form when he wrote in line 19 â€Å"Whatever dies was non assorted equally† ( 3 ) . What Donne referred to in this line is an old belief that described the cause of decease as an instability in the organic structure. This line signifies Donne’s hope that the love that he and his lover shared would do them every bit whole. Both lines described the powerful connexion that they have with their loved 1s. yet it was illustrated in opposing contexts as life and decease. Another notable similarity of the two verse forms lies in their positions of being united with their loved 1. Lines 7 to 9 of Plath’s poem fundamentally illustrate the unity that she feels toward her babe when she speaks of non seeing her ain contemplation in the presence of her kid. In Donne’s verse form. line 15 corresponds to a combined impression of oneself with his loved 1. as he states â€Å"My face in thine oculus. thine in mine appears† ( 3 ) . In the context of forenoon. both verse forms take on a apparently parallel class to depict the joy one feels in showing love. Lines 8 to 14 of Donne’s poem vibrantly illustrates the connexion he feels toward his loved one when he likens the meeting to a salutation of psyches as they both start afresh. merely as the morning of a new twenty-four hours signals another twenty-four hours to populate. Donne besides describes this fortunate meeting as an recognition of his loved one’s significance in his universe as he points out that his being simply coincides with the presence of his lover ( 3 ) . As for Plath. the position of forenoon is entirely dedicated to her joy in being a female parent as she creatively narrates her experiences in nursing her kid. Lines 10 to 15 chiefly depict how she looks frontward to waking up every forenoon as she awakens to the sound of her child’s call due to hunger ( 48 ) . Line 18 of Plath’s poem to the full conceives the impression as to why she looks frontward to anew twenty-four hours. Her forenoon vocal is the call of her babe in the forenoon. depicting it as â€Å"The clear vowels rise like balloons† ( 48 ) . Based on the analysis of Donne’s verse form. one could infer that the mentions made to a kid in depicting childish love is seen as a ephemeral stage from an unconstructive feeling to pure esteem and content. Donne shows the ripening of love as though it was a life and eupneic animal. In Plath’s vision. love was embodied concretely in the bond between parent and kid. specifically between a female parent and her kid. Plath depicts a kind of love that is basic and nurturing ; one that does non anticipate reciprocality or uncertainness. but a deepness of feeling that could merely be felt through the birth of life. Both of these verse forms have described two types of love that we may see in our life-time and their poetic disclosures indicate that life is riddled with minutes that are full of love. Plants Cited: Donne. John. â€Å"The Good-Morrow. † Poems of John Donne. Ed. E. K. Chambers. London: Lawrence A ; Bullen. 1896. 3. Plath. Sylvia. â€Å"Morning Song. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Ed. Booth. Alison. J. Paul Hunter. and Kelly J. Mays. 9th erectile dysfunction. New York: W. W. Norton. 1961. 48.

Free Essays on The Shroud

of John Walsh, â€Å"the facts here have always been available in newspapers, books, documents and human memory, but they have been difficult to gather. I have sought them, off and on, for four years, finally visiting Europe in the search. But I have not set them down here in any effort to convince. Indeed, the reader must come to his own conclusion.†(Walsh 1963, p: 1.) Being open minded to both parties the pros and cons plays an important part in conducting this research paper, as what authors Pickenett and Prince said â€Å" Undertaking this study with a completely open mind, being equally ready to affirm that the shroud was absurd fraud, or to recognize its authenticity, but gradually forced to agree, on every single point that its markings were exact.†(Picknett & Prince 2000, p:5.). Thus, it was a test for scientist and experts to show how these evidences support the possibilities of its authenticity. Statement of the problem The purpose of this paper is twofold. It aims to excavate some of the evidences that supports the authenticity of the Holy Shroud of Turin specially for the skeptics, secondly is to furnish some brief and clear explanations to the evidences gathered. To achieve the said purpose the researcher formulated these question... Free Essays on The Shroud Free Essays on The Shroud Shroud of Turin Essay written by: augusto Introduction: Millions of words have been written about the remarkable cloth preserved at Turin. More recently, most of these writings dealt with one basic question, was it the actual winding sheet of the crucified Christ, bearing an imprint of His body? Or was the whole thing a gigantic hoax? A fantastic forgery of the Middle Ages? Erudite men have lined up on both sides of that compelling query. Some of the facts about the Holy Shroud have something to do with the presence of human blood and other strong evidences of its authenticity, it intensified man’s curiosity. The researcher himself was also puzzled and came up with this study. In the words of John Walsh, â€Å"the facts here have always been available in newspapers, books, documents and human memory, but they have been difficult to gather. I have sought them, off and on, for four years, finally visiting Europe in the search. But I have not set them down here in any effort to convince. Indeed, the reader must come to his own conclu sion.†(Walsh 1963, p: 1.) Being open minded to both parties the pros and cons plays an important part in conducting this research paper, as what authors Pickenett and Prince said â€Å" Undertaking this study with a completely open mind, being equally ready to affirm that the shroud was absurd fraud, or to recognize its authenticity, but gradually forced to agree, on every single point that its markings were exact.†(Picknett & Prince 2000, p:5.). Thus, it was a test for scientist and experts to show how these evidences support the possibilities of its authenticity. Statement of the problem The purpose of this paper is twofold. It aims to excavate some of the evidences that supports the authenticity of the Holy Shroud of Turin specially for the skeptics, secondly is to furnish some brief and clear explanations to the evidences gathered. To achieve the said purpose the researcher formulated these question...

Major Gods and Goddesses of the World

Major Gods and Goddesses of the World In the ancient world, most cultures had many gods and goddesses. Natural phenomena like the sun, moon, thunder, and storms had their own deities who could be prayed to for help or offered sacrifices in order to influence their behavior. Human occupations like warfare, hunting and crafts had patron gods and goddesses associated with them. The stages of life, like childbirth and death, were often thought to be under the protection of specific gods, goddesses, or spirits. The most familiar of these for most of us in the west are those that come from the Greco-Roman myths, although the gods and goddess of the plentiful Hindu pantheon are still worshiped some five millennia later. Search for ancient gods and goddesses in two ways, by culture or alphabetically, by the name of the specific god or goddess. Lists of Gods and Goddesses by Culture or Geographic AreaWho Is Your Favorite God or Goddess? List of Individual Gods/Goddesses Alphabetically: - A - Agdistis or AngdistisAh PuchAhura MazdaAlberichAllahAmaterasuAnAnansiAnatAndvariAnsharAnuAphroditeApolloApsuAresArtemisAsclepiusAthenaAthiratAthtartAtlas   - B - BaalBa XianBacchusBalderBastBellonaBergelmirBesBixia YuanjinBragiBrahmaBrigit   - C - CamaxtliCeresCeridwenCernunnosChacChalchiuhtlicueCharunChemoshCheng-huangCybele   - D - DagonDamkina (Dumkina)DavlinDawnDemeterDianaDi CangDionysus   - E - EaElEnkiEnlilEosEponaEreskigal   - F - FarbautiFenrirForsetiFortunaFreyaFreyrFrigg   - G - GaiaGaneshaGangaGarudaGauriGebGeong SiGuanyin   - H - HadesHanumanHathorHecate (Hekate)HeliosHeng-o (Chang-o)HephaestusHeraHermesHestiaHodHoderiHooriHorusHoteiHuitzilopochtliHsi-Wang-MuHygeia   - I - InannaIntiIrisIshtarIsisIxtabIzanakiIzanami   - J - JesusJunoJupiterJuturna   - K - KagutsuchiKartikeyaKhepriKiKinguKinich AhauKisharKrishnaKuan-yinKukulcanKvasir   - L - LakshmiLetoLizaLokiLughLuna - M - Magna MaterMaiaMardukMarsMazuMedbMercuryMimirMinervaMithrasMorriganMotMummuMuses   - N - NammuNannaNanna (Norse)NanseNeithNemesisNephthysNeptuneNergalNinazuNinhurzagNintuNinurtaNjordNuguaNut   - O - OdinOhkuninushiOhyamatsumiOrgelmirOsirisOstara   - P - PanParvatiPhaethonPhoebePhoebus ApolloPilumnusPoseidon   - Q - Quetzalcoatl   - R - RamaReRhea   - S - SabaziusSarasvatiSeleneShivaSeshatSeti (Set)ShamashShapsuShen YiShivaShuSi-Wang-MuSinSironaSolSuryaSusanoh   - T - TawaretTefnutTezcatlipocaThanatosThorThothTiamatTlalocTianhouTonatiuhToyo-Uke-BimeTycheTyr   - U - UtuUzume   - V - VediovisVenusVestaVishnuVolturnusVulcan   - X - XipeXi Wang-muXochipilliXochiquetzal   - Y - YamYarikhYhwhYmirYu-huangYum Kimil   - Z - Zeus More on Roman and Greek Mythology Greek MythologyAn introduction to and starting point for Greek myth. While the Romans did adopt many of the Greek gods and goddesses, there were plenty of uniquely Roman gods, goddesses, and other spirits and numina. These are lists of the Romans gods divided into categories. The Stories of Gods and MenMany of the ancient Greek myths tell stories about mortal Greek heroes aided by their gods. Gods, Goddesses, Other Immortals of Greek Mythology Moon Gods and Goddesses

Tha Face Deal Book Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tha Face Deal Book - Research Paper Example Most of the financing Facebook Inc. was obtained as ventures. The ventures were given with an exchange of obtaining the rights of ownership of the company. Accel Partners invested $12.7 million at a valuation of about $100 million. They also invested in another transaction worth $27.5 million with the Greylock Partners. This investment earned them a valuation of $525 million. The Accel Partners and the Greylock Partners invested in this young company due to its promising market service. The company had grown so that it could serve millions of students around the campuses. The investment opportunity was to allow for its growth in the market. The Microsoft Corporation and the Digital Sky Technology raised their contribution in the form of equities.This financing was aimed at the elevation of the Facebook Inc., which was a young promising company. (Ferrera, 2012). The cumulative investment has seen the listing of Facebook as the most used social network over the years. This led to the e ventual filing for an IPO on February 2012 and started selling stock in May 2012. This tremendous growth can be credited to the investment that has overseen the financial credibility of the company. The investors had an aim of obtaining a valuation in the company through the acquisition of ownership rights of the company. The Microsoft Corporation invested to the company in order to obtain the 1.6% stock and to be allowed to advertise on the site. The Accel Partners requested a post of being a board member of the company thereof being central in running the company (Baloun, 2007). Therefore, the financing of the Facebook Company was a beneficial venture for both the company and the investors. Uses of the finances The Facebook Inc. started as a small company with very few employees. At that time, they only had 10 Employees.The Company had an aim of recruiting new employees to aid in the servicing of its clients. The event that was carried out and it drew about 700 people. The company was also experiencing losses that were spurring the possibility of being sold to Yahoo or other larger media groups. To fight this pressure, there was a need to allow investors to venture into the company financially. This acted as a source of capital for investing in the expansion plans beyond the old environment. The company added high school networks, international school networks and photos to the social networking pages (Sutherland, 2012). In order to obtain a valuation in the economy, the Microsoft Corporation invested $240 million for the 1.6% stake in the company. This enabled Facebook to spread and improve on their applications on the website. The company could get recognition in the corporate market with a high financial basis. Another project was the acquisition of the international headquarters in Dublin (Carver, 2012). The acquisition of other companies such as Connecticut was also another project that required a great deal of funding. This was after the settlement of the suit against Facebook. The funding from Microsoft, Accel, Greylock, and Digital Sky Technologies was instrumental towards the growth of this company to the point of obtaining an IPO. Current valuation The company has provided varied valuation standards in the current period. The increase in the target price of the stock before valuation is a major boost for this company. The company considers their revenue growth, the operating

Scholarly Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scholarly Analysis - Essay Example The communication can be considered as an objective instead of a natural phenomenon specifically for example within the human society. This can be attributed to the fact that although people communicate and talk to each other, the understanding the behavior and the implicit working of the human mind is one of the most challenging field of study (Bauch, 2001). The communication between the different systems and the parts within a system can be considered as an important concept of the system theory (Bauch, 2001). When Abby failed to communicate with the people around and present normal behavior, it can be considered as a failure to achieve the main objectives of the system One of the concepts of the system theory is the connectivity or the internal cohesiveness of a particular system. One of the applications of the said concept is within the family which can be considered as an important system on its own (Miller, 1965; Napier and Whitaker, 1980). In the case of Abby, she can be perceived to have a strong connection with her older sister. This can be attributed to different factors such as gender and sharing similar interests and even space (having the same room). The death of the elder sister can be considered to have an effect to the balance of her regular functioning, if expressed in a term related to the systems theory. In relation, another concept is the closure in a system which can be considered as the integrity of the relationships that is intrinsic to the system (Miller, 1965; Napier and Whitaker, 1980). In terms of the case study the interactions and the interrelationships within the family which involves Abby, her sister, brother, parents, aunt and nanny can be considered as the factors contributing to her behavior. The drastic changes that occurred on the death of her sister resulted in the discrepancy in her acquainted environment. The stability is included in the important concepts covered by the

The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay

The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay The dichotomy of politics and administration is a model representing the idea that a division is required between the political realm and the field of public administration. As explained by Waldo (1984), there are two early public administration scholars that are credited with the dichotomy: Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow. Although Wilson and Goodnows work was not identical, they both advocated for a strict explanation of the dichotomy. Wilson and Goodnows ideologies regarding the relationship between politics and public administration have served as fundamentally important for developing this essay. This brief discussion about the dichotomy of politics and public administration will include why scholars like Wilson and Goodnow believed it was necessary to separate politics and administration and treat them as two separate fields of study. Wilsons theory evolved during a time when politics was associated with corrupt behavior. Many citizens wanted a more professionally based bureaucracy that would be held to higher levels of accountability versus being controlled by politics. These ideas were clearly communicated in Madisons Federalist No. 10. Madison (1787) described the relationship between politics and administration by explaining that a factious spirit had tainted Americas public administration. Wilson reinforced the ideas of the founding fathers in The Study of Administration. Wilson (1886) expanded on Madisons ideas explaining that the bureaucracy needed to be more businesslike with civil servants providing services that were nonpartisan. In The Study of Administration, Wilson (1886) states that, Administrative questions are not political questions. Although politics sets the tasks for administration, it should not be suffered to manipulate its offices (210). With the latter quote being stated by Wilson, public administration should be considered a science irrelevant from any type of political coercion when it comes to things like decision making, policy, and public service. Bureaucracies all share a common goal and this is to provide services that benefit the overall public good; however, it is nearly impossible to completely separate politics from administration. For example, policies are often designed and implemented due to public sentiment. The number goal of a politician is to get re-elected; therefore, elected officials cannot ignore public opinion. Policies are written and passed by elected officials and then implemented by public agencies. Programs created by policies often die at the implementation phase because bureaucrats hold the power with providing optimal levels of implementation. One of the reasons programs are not properly implemented can be attributed to the fact that many bureaucrats may deliberately administer poor im plementation due to a program being contradictive to their political beliefs. Goodnow (1900) took a realistic approach to the dichotomy explaining that politics and administration needed to be two separate functions but, simultaneously, politics would never be completely separate from administration. Goodnows beliefs are demonstrated in the policy and implementation synopsis provided in the previous paragraph. Americas bureaucracies today are not as corrupt as they were during the time Madison vocalized his views in the Federalist Papers. Thanks to extensive empirical research and social science theories, the field of public administration is based on efficiency, accountability to the public, and effectiveness. It would be unreasonable to assume that political coercion does not still plague public administrators on occasion because politics will also play a role in public administration. Responsible public administrator When researching the topic of Responsibility in the realm of Public Administration, one encounters a very extensive literature base regarding the importance and reasons for responsible civil servants. Exploring the topic of responsibility and its significance in the field of public service reveals a strong connection between all of the pillars of public administration. Public administrators are held accountable by the public and they cannot act on their own accord because they are held responsible to the officials who have been elected by the public. Elected officials determine the course of action of public servants and this fact is highly relevant to the dichotomy of politics and public administration (Finer, 1941, p. 335). In order for public servants to be responsible, they must adhere to certain values and principles which make them efficient, legitimate, and representative of social equity. Svara(2007) has stated the highest duty of public administrators is to embrace a broad s et of obligations and responsibilities that promote the public interest, demonstrate character, advance justice, and seek the greatest good. Gaus (1953) explained the relationship that is created for the responsible public servant between the other pillars by stating that, The contribution of the United States to the idea of responsibility in administration was made by requiring the chief executive-and later many minor executives-to submit directly or indirectly to popular vote (432). The general public elects officials to represent them and protect them to a certain extent. As explained in the dichotomy, there are two sides to public administration. In regards to responsibility, legislators and politicians have the responsibility of designing policies to address social issues in an attempt of solving issues. The administrative side of the responsibility has to do with implementation of the policies designed by elected officials. The relationship between chief executives and other elected officials and the bureaucracy is clearly demonstrated in the nature of punitive policies. For example, legislators designed policies that place restrictions on speed limits. In order to keep roads and highways safe, reckless driving behaviors must be curtailed and this is done through punitive policies. Drivers that violate the speed limit know they are at risk to be cited and subject to fines and jail time; therefore, it may be tempting to speed but policies are enforced by public administrators to deter this behavior. In this case scenario, street-level bureaucrats are the primary civil servants that are responsible for the implementation of punitive policies. This is a perfect example to illustrate how the decisions made by elected officials, impact the daily work operations of public service. Administrators are responsible for carrying out proper implementation of polices. Finer (1941) made it clear that there is a distinction between policy design and policy execution. This is where public administrators have the most power in their responsibilities. They are the ones responsible for policy execution and it is clearly stated in the literature that implementation is the most importance stage of the policy process. A policy is only as strong as its implementation and many die at this level because of irresponsible public administrators. Ethical issues can arise in this area because administrators may neglect to implement a policy or a program created by an elected official because they do not agree with it or have a hidden agenda. In regards to the link between public administration and the pillars, administration is not less important to democratic government than administrative efficiency; it is even a contributor to efficiency in the long run (Finer, 1941, p. 335). When a public administrator acts responsibly, they have a higher chance of exhibiting ethical behavior and ultimately producing efficiency. Legitimacy Legitimacy of the administrative state is contingent upon several factors. In the event that administrative agencies provide ample, equitable opportunities for public involvement, legitimacy is being carried out. There must also be opportunities for empirical research and decision making in order to accomplish legitimacy in the state. All of the pillars are intertwined with legitimacy. In order for a state to be considered legitimate, their power has to be accepted by the general public; therefore, in order to achieve this broad scope of power a state must be efficient, ethical, serve the public good, be representative, accountable to the public, effective, and responsible to elected officials. According to Dr. Beaumaster, the person who has the authority and power is legitimate (2010). Legitimacy Power is derived from authority; authority is derived from legitimacy; legitimacy is a moral or normative standing. So whenever that person makes an unethical decision, this will reflect in his power and he may lose it. Public organizations can often be affected by their internal and external environments, especially new organizations. It is not uncommon for a new organization to become vulnerable when resources are lost or they have not successfully obtained strong support from their environment (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Consumer preferences and public sentiment always affect business and this is applicable in both the public and private sectors; however, public agencies face bigger issues with legitimacy because they are held highly accountable to the public. For example, the issue of raising taxes is always a contentious decision for elected officials because the public can show adamant opposition to paying higher taxes. Rainey (2003) explains that when voters resist taxes, governments face analogous problems (359). Public and oversight authorities often impose stricter criteria on public organizations for honest, legitimate behaviors (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Expanding on the last quote, an example of illegitimate behavior in a bureaucracy would be an elected official using coercive power on a public servant in order to get something accomplished. Abuse of power is an age-old problem in bureaucracies. In the event an individual were granted a prestigious position in government based solely on being from a prominent family, their appointment to the position would constitute as illegitimate. There were accusations of coercive power and bureaucratic appointments that were not legitimate during the George W. Bush administration (Maitland, 1989, p.11). To increase and ensure legitimate practices in government and to secure a legitimate administrative state, Peffer (2008) suggests that public servants must be recruited that possess expertise, values, virtue, leadership, and vision. Government agencies should focus on recruiting the best and the brightest managers and employees but public servants must develop a direct relationship with citizens in order to be completely legitimate. Research shows that the bureaucracy has to be legitimate in practice not just in theory (Peffer, 2008, p. 1). When all of the pillars of public administration are combined, they are likely to produce legitimacy which creates stability within the state. There are four sources to gain legitimacy; constitution, legal, public perception, and professionalism The legal is the primary source because it is the thing that can prove that you have something such as school diploma verifies that you earn a degree from that school. The secondary legal source of legitimacy is constitution because the constitution is used to determine the legitimacy of anybody that has an authority position. Third is public perception. The perception of someone regardless their position in society makes them legitimate in some level (Beaumaster, 2009). Accountability The goal of public service is to provide the greatest amount of public good for the least amount of money. The public depends on governments to provide high quality services; therefore, public servants are held highly accountable by the constituents they serve. Accountability is a fundamental element of public administration is linked with the other pillars. Accountability requires ethical decision making, equal representation, legitimacy, efficiency, effectiveness, responsibility, and accountability is intertwined with the dichotomy of politics and public administration, as well. Public servants are held accountable by both the public and the elected officials. A rational civilization can only be organized and achieved through accountable behaviors carried out legislatively, judicially, and administratively (Ashworth, 2001, p. 163). Accountability in the public sector is a bigger issue than in private sectors of business. It is a fact that public managers and organizations remain accountable to various authorities and interests and to the rule of law in general (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Private sector industries have one goal and that is usually monetary profit. The goals of public agencies are typically quite different. Providing the public good and carrying out the will of the public is a very vague goal and one that is an ambitious endeavor, as well. With this being stated, public agencies are held accountable to a wider range of people than private sector businesses. Representativeness is highly related to accountability because it refers to the multitude of ways elected officials must represent their citizens (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Through being chosen to represent a locality or a state government or even national government, public officials are held accountable. The dichotomy of politics and public administr ation should be highly transparent here. According to the literature, there are different types of accountability. The types of accountability are: Hierarchical, legal, professional, and political. Rainey (2003) defined hierarchical and legal accountability as having increased levels of control. With hierarchical and legal accountability, it is less likely that a bureaucrat would be granted large levels of discretionary decision making power. Decision making would likely evolve from top-level executives within the organizations. One will find decreased levels of control with professional and political accountability. Administrators may be granted the discretionary decision making power to decide whether or not a response is wise to an external influence (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Accountability is a serious element of Public Administration. For example, many researchers believe that the episode with the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986 can be attributed to group think (Forest, 1995, p. 1). Group think falls under the category of professional accountability. In the situation of the Challenger explosion, accountability issues resulted in taking the lives of seven people. Public administrators are often confronted with unethical situations where they are forced to make the right decisions in order to abide by their accountability standards for carrying out the good of the public. It is important to remain accountable to the public and to the elected officials one serves without compromising integrity in order to achieve career advancement or to not hinder career advancement (Ashworth, 2001, p. 153). Public organizations do not have the luxury that private businesses enjoy because their daily operations and files are open to the public. The public must be promised accessibility in order to garner trust from constituents. Accountability is a large realm of public administration that encompasses many aspects of public service. Representation According to Dr. Beaumaster (2010), representation deals with who is going to represent the will of the people. Are they those who are elected by the people themselves? Representation is not the cornerstone of public administration but it is the cornerstone of our entire government system. So the people chose who is going to be responsible and accountable for the country and them. According to Jefferson, power came from the land and from the people (cited in Kettl, 2002). So without people, the government has no power. The jobs of public administrators often require the pursuit of consistency in order to achieve stability. But the role of the elected official can be somewhat different because the politician is the person that has been chosen to represent the public. Ashworth (2001) explains that politicians tend to seek change and new accommodations in an attempt to impress their constituents for the purpose of gaining re-election. Politicians often want to sweep out the old and bring in the new, whereas public administrators want to tinker with existing programs and make incremental changes in an attempt to improve public service, (Ashworth, 2001, p.11). It should be evident that the goals of politicians and public administrators are different in nature. Those innate differences are what create the issue with representation in public administration. Representation is a classic issue in government and public administration and more recently is has garnered significant attention because of affirmative action programs, equal employment opportunity policies, and a growing trend towards increased representation on diverse populations (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Representativeness is the pillar of public administration that refers to the ways elected officials can represent their citizens and these different ways are what mold and shape the responsibilities of a public servant. Elected officials tend to determine the way the needs of their citizens are represented and this illustration of how the dichotomy of politics and public administration works. In regards to the pillars of public administration, they are all interconnected with representativeness. In order to be adequately representative of a targeted population, a public servant must exhibit ethical behaviors, be responsive to needs, produce efficient results, and obtain high levels of legitimacy. Rainey (2003) explains that there are two types of representation: passive and active. Rainey explains that active representation occurs when members of a group actually serve as advocates for the group in decisions about programs and policies (97). Passive representation simply refers to situations where members of a group are simply present in a government entity or agency. The difference between the two types of representation was imperative to explain because the type often determines the values, goals, and mission of an agency. The type of representation that is decided upon has potential to create contention. Conflicting values and criteria often present challenges for public managers. Furthermore, external authorities and political actors intervene in management decisions in pursuit of responsiveness and accountability, and impose structures and constraints on the pursuit of equity, efficiency, and effectiveness. Rainey (2003) made it known that sharp conflicts over which values should predominate-professional effectiveness or political accountability, for example-lead to major transformations of organizational operations and culture (98). Anytime an agency is influenced by external sources to change or alter their value system, for example, issues are likely to arise. All of the information presented in this essay explains the issue with representation. Efficiency and effectiveness In the early days of public administration, government was corrupt. Politicians exercised coercive powers in order to get tasks accomplished. In an attempt to deter corruption in government, an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness evolved. Efficiency and effectiveness are considered as criterion to measure performance in government. Performance measures are proof of successes and failures in social programs. Public administration researcher, Fried (1976) considered efficiency to be one of the major performance criteria for public bureaucracy in America today. James Madison discussed in the Federalist Papers that dividing government into three branches was a way to place a checks and balances system on powers (Rainey, 2003, p. 94). Madisons ideologies explain how demands for efficiency and effectiveness started. Performance criteria deter corruptive, unethical behaviors in government. Too much political control would not enable public administrations to operate effectively and eff iciently; therefore, agencies would not be able to accomplish the objectives associated with the other pillars of administration. The overall goal of public agencies is rooted in the definition of efficiency. Efficiency has been defined in the literature as producing a good or service at the lowest cost possible while maintaining a constant level of quality (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). The general public holds public servants accountable and responsible for bringing this goal to fruition. Public servants are expected to illustrate competency in their work and incompetent values do not play a role in efficiency and effectiveness. Former United States President, Bill Clinton, launched the National Performance Review in response to inefficient government. Clintons attempt to streamline government resulted in 324,000 government jobs being eliminated (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). Efficiency and effectiveness can be hindered by unethical behavior. Public administrators play the most important role in program and policy implementation. Efficient implementation is imperative for producing effectiveness. If efficient, competent behaviors have not been engaged in, a program or policy evaluation is likely to reveal incompetence. Law enforcement agents, commonly referred to street-level bureaucrats, are granted massive levels of discretionary decision making power. In the event they chose to not implement a policy handed down from a high-level executive, they are not being accountable, responsive, efficient, legitimate, or effective. Hypothetically speaking, if a police officer pulls someone over for speeding and makes the decision to let the driver go and not write a citation they are exhibiting incompetent behaviors. Incompetency leads to inefficient policies that are not effective. If a policy is not enforced by the bureaucracy, it may be deemed as useless. Measuring effectiveness often presents obstacles for public agencies. Bureaucracies are often burdened with the choice of whether to measure effectiveness using subjective measures or objective measures (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). This poses a problem because agencies do not always produce measurements that are tangible; therefore, many agencies may measure effectiveness through profits and productivity (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). Mott (1972) studied effectiveness in public agencies by requesting that managers rate the quantity, quality, efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility of their departmental units. Motts study is representative of how organizations may combine both a qualitative and quantitative approach to measuring effectiveness. If an agency proves effectiveness, it is highly likely that public administrators have engaged in efficient strategies to implement programs and policies.

Pasta Hut and Pizza Hut: product life cycle Essay

On April 2008, Pizza Hut announced the introduction of a new product line called the â€Å"Tuscani Pasta†. Like any product, this product has a life cycle. Different strategies should be maintained through each stage of the cycle in order to move the product throughout the cycle. 1.Introduction Stage:The main purpose of this stage is to introduce the new product to the market. The company must be aware of the tremendous amount of time and money which will be spent at this stage in order to attract consumers, grab their attention to this new product, and make them try it. In this stage, there are several strategies for the company to follow: †¢The company must well advertise their new product and obtain a trademark for it so customers will be aware about this product. Pizza Hut had spread many of announcements about their new product â€Å"Pasta Hut†. They alerted the customers by several ways:Pizza Hut’s web site was redesigned and many attractive pictures of the new pasta were added in their homepage. They also created a new URL to market the Tuscani Pasta. In addition, they gave out coupons and they advertized the new product everywhere in the newspaper, magazines, and TV. †¢At this stage, sale growth might be slow. So, it is recommended to keep the price relatively high in order to overcome the high costs associated with introducing the new product. Therefore, the revenue may be low, too. †¢At the beginning, the distribution must be limited until people become more familiar with the product. Pasta Hut has followed this pattern by introducing this new product in main cities that are known with their multi-cultural population. †¢A company should also start first with one or few products in order to test the customer’s reaction. As in Pasta Hut, they produced only two types: creamy Chicken Alfredo and Meaty Marinara. 2.Growth Stage:In the growth stage, the highest rate of sales for the company is maintained. The raise in the number of customers who are aware of the  product will lead to rapid growth in revenue. During this stage, competitors have just started to arise and they are still in the introduction stage. This stage is the best time of every new product where the costs are less and the revenue is high and strategies can include: †¢Increase the amount of advertisements to build brand preferences and to attract new target market. For instance, Past Hut made more ads and added new slogans to the ads to attract more customers. They gave it an Italian name (Tuscani Pastas) to give it a classy Italian atmosphere and to attract different ethnic groups. They also put some ads, which shows the pastas as a luxuries meal and not a fast food. †¢Price can be maintained at the same level if the company noticed the demand is increasing. In some situations, the company can reduce the price as a strategy to attract new customers who cares about the price. In the case of Tuscani Pasta, a reduction in the price can be a clever idea to attract students and labors. †¢It is the best time to expand the distribution of the product to draw as many customers as the company can before competitors can reach them. Pasta Hut started at this stage to sell their pastas in almost all Pizza Huts stores in all most all the cities. †¢This stage is the perfect time to adjust the product and to add some additional features on it. Different packaging options, and different portions are now available in the pastas of the Pasta Hut. 3.Maturity Stage:This is the longest and the most challenging stage where a company wants to maintain its success, increase the market share, and extend the products life cycle with the existence of high and tough Competitors who offer similar products with competing futures and prices. In order to uphold this success for the longest period:†¢The company must put more effort on advertising to establish loyal customers. These ads must let the product seem more unique and improved. For example: Pasta Huts new logo  may contain the words bigger, better, or more flavor. They also can offer promotions on their Pastas. †¢Price should be lowered because the competition is higher and it is a great way to attract the consumer. †¢New distribution channels must be added and different incentives can be introduced. In this case Pasta Hut can give offers to students or other target customers so they keep their loyalty. †¢A good step is to bring in a new line in the product, apply some modifications, or add some other features to the product be able to differentiate it from other competitor’s products. In this case, Pizza Hut can introduce additional types of pastas with different flavors and additional contents. 4.Decline Stage:During the decline stage, or sometimes referred to the aging stage, the public taste will change, new technologies will enter the market, and the market will be full of competitors and many other similar products. In this case, the competition is high and demand on the product probably will be low. Therefore, cost for producing this product might increase and revenues will decrease. The only factor that makes the product continue its production is the loyal customers. For that reason: †¢Marketers should study their product lines to know which is the most popular one and decide whether to keep producing it or no. For instance Pasta Hut can only keep the two most popular pastas in their lines. †¢Distribution must be more selective in places where the demand on the product is high. For example, Pasta Hut can sell its product only in universities’ food court if they found high demand of this pasta in universities’ food court. This is the last stage in the product life cycle. After that, if the company  noticed that this product is not beneficial anymore (the cost is increasing and revenues are not covering this cost), they should stop producing this product and think of another product line. 1 QuickMBA, â€Å"The Product Life Cycle†, 2 MSNmoney, â€Å"Pasta Hut: Millions and Millions Sold†, 3 Pizzahut, 4 USAtoday, â€Å"Pizza Hut preparing pans of pasta for delivery†, 5 PRweek, â€Å"Pizza Hut scores big with Tuscani Pastas†,

A Startling Fact about How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H Uncovered

A Startling Fact about How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H Uncovered Jim was a neighborhood resident, and a seasoned pilot previously. We're a responsible writing service and cannot deliver what it is possible to find elsewhere. The very best thing about us is that each and every time you can buy original essay papers for sale. It is crucial to remember that transition doesn't begin after graduate degree completion. Things You Won't Like About How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H and Things You Will It's humbling to know that you're in a position to earn a difference in peoples' lives on any particular day. With the aging population issue being currently among the most significant for the children that are searching for an acceptable nursing home for their parents or relatives, it's becoming a crucial question in their opinion. In such instance, you could also suggest the regions you recommend fo r more studies or the key limitations of the present study. Therefore, the residents aren't provided with the service they want and their needs aren't taken care of. The Debate Over How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H The nursing research paper supplies you with the chance to demonstrate your understanding of the given subject. Planning your paper As you learn to compose a nursing essay, it's important to do a little bit of planning. Finally, your nursing essay has to be correctly referenced. Even as writing a nursing entrance school essay might become challenging, Academic Sciences UK essay writing service is available to direct you on planning, and provide the essential information needed to stick out from the remainder of the candidates. Rules which don't promote the overall welfare ought to be changed when necessary to fulfill the best good for the best number of people (Kohlberg, 1981). This exercise can help you clarify your thoughts about the basis of nursing and nursing practice. The aging population class is thought of as the important consumer of the resources supplied by healthcare. There is an assortment of reasons why it is essential to bridge the differences among nurses of varied backgrounds, so they can identify with a mutual nursing ideology and mission. It's crucial that you stick out from the rest of the applicants. An individual should note again that nursing assistance available in the community must meet all the everyday needs of the residents and assist them in various pursuits. At present, lots of the communities might not have facilities offered for the separate situations occurred because of illness which may be possibly carried by the individual and the urgent attention may not be paid in due course only for the reasons of understaffed homes. We supply a platform at which you can directly get in touch with your writer this can cut back communication barrier. A good suggestion is to bear in mind your lecturer has lots of essays to mark and wishes to provide you marks. When writing any part of your nursing essay, keep the sentences short, ea sy and clear as it will help to convey ideas in a manner that engages the reader. Such connecting phrases enable you to tie the points made previously with the true text of the conclusion that you're writing. This outline will allow you to stay centered on the topic! Preparing for submission You want to get ready for the draft and after that read it again to be certain that it is going to be grammar error free and that it is reasonable. After the draft is finalized, be certain that you understand how to compose a nursing essay and it'll satisfy the departmental formatting needed. Preparing for Submission Once the last draft was completed it's important to guarantee that the nursing essay meets the departmental formatting requirements. If you're going to order from our affordable essay writing service, there is going to be a personal consultant who will assist you in composing the paper in addition to the sound structure that's composed of 3 primary structural elements. Custom writing means a significant company with high standards. To have the ability to shine, you must begin composing the outline in a really creative method. Essay structure enables you to align your ideas and ideas logically, making them readable and simple to comprehend.

Assessment on Organisation and Behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1573 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Assessment on Organization and Behavior Assessment tool: Report An Organization Structure is the display of how the roles, responsibilities, work and power are distributed, controlled and harmonized and how the information passes between the different levels of management. There are mainly two types of structures formal structure and informal structure. A structure mainly based on the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives and policy. In centralized structures most of the decisions are taken from the top level and has tight control over all the departments where as in decentralized structure powers are distributed and decision can be taken from any levels of the organization. An Organization Culture is based on sharing attitudes, beliefs, and customs, written and unwritten rules that have been developed overtime and are considered valid. Organization culture is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, style symbol etc. We can also say the way organization conducts its business, treats its employees, customers, and the wider community. I choose two organizations for comparing the structures and culture first one is Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd and other one is Papa Doom Gents collection. Both of the organizations are doing sold trader business. Aman Marble Granite industries LTD Aman Marble Granite industries LTD started business in 2003.They are the importer dealer supplier of various design of marble. They import all kind of marble from turkey, and Italy. Organization Structure of Aman Marble Granite industries are given below: Aman Marble Granite Ltd follows formal structure this is a big size company and most of the decisions are taken from the Managing Director. It is a tall organization they has a large number of level of management chain of command. By this structure it is brightly clear that the structure contains a clear focus on different segments. Each lin e gives more care for the target segment, (i.e. they identify customer needs more accurately).Definitely when each sector has its own team, for instance having a maintenance, Contract and management team then definitely that product will be monitored more effectively (i.e. better planning and strategy making) Some positive competition is seen as well, as because each team want to prove more worthy than the other. This may also enhance the efficiency in the management and among individuals as well. If sales increases for a clear focus on different market segments and if costs are reduced for rise in efficiency then it is quiet natural that with this structure the company will have higher profits. Culture of Aman Marble Granite industries LTD: Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd follow role culture in each sector managers are individually focusing on the activities or the duties .This clearly matched with the characteristics of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s structure as differ ent roles will be available. With role culture Aman marble ensure that their operations is running more efficiently. Aman marble Granite industries ltd employees has also some exceptional culture like they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get any holiday during any kind of festival except Eid. They always need to carry wireless phone if they are inside the factory beside that their dress code is black shirt black pant. They also canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t switch on their cell phone during the working time. In case of any emergency calls are received by the managers of the individual department. The employees of Aman Marble Granite LTD are very much disciplined and in each year they have some reward session like best employee of the year, Papa Doom Gents collection: Papa doom is one of the local fashion houses in Bangladesh. They have started their business in 2002. They have various collections of products for Menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s apparel. Organization structures of Papa Doom Gents c ollection are given below: Papa Doom follows informal structure this is a small organization. Over here power is divided between everyone collection man have his own freedom to choose all the dresses. In this organization there is no middle man for communicating each other. As this is a flat organization each member is playing different role at a time for example manager is also handling cash as well. In this structure they need to face lots of difficulties to run the business because everyone is taking decision as they want there is not that much proper control. Culture of Papa doom: Papa doom follows power culture for example there is no time table of opening the outlet. They can go outside for a break during the duty time. They are taking holidays only by giving a letter to the boss without taking permission. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any dress code or that much extra particular restriction. So in one line we can say there is no discipline or proper control in this organization. So after comparing both the organization Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd is more profitable organization then Papa doom their structures and cultures are far more better then Papa doom. If Papa doom can change their structure and culture they might be more profitable. Now letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s see how organizations structure and culture affects the business performance. Sometimes it is easier to identify the structure of the business and this can be figured out by looking at what type of business it is. Now if we look at Aman Marble Granite industries LTD then we will see that their structure is formal and this structure is needed to be maintained by those businesses as well which are planning to increase their product line. However in terms of culture, role culture has been followed by Aman Marble Granite industries ltd for improving their performance. As Aman Marble Granite industries follows formal structure over here employees are getting lots o f facility like job security, pay on time, reward, bonus, over time holiday etc. So the employees of Aman marble are satisfied and they are very much motivated with their work. The system and procedures which is following in Aman marble came from their structure and culture and this system is helping their company to run smoothly and as all the members of the company is giving equal support day by day performance of the business is getting higher. Aman Marble and Granite Industries LTD Structure and culture have positive impact on their business. In other hand if we talk about Papa dhoom they are following Informal structure over here power is divided to all member of the organization so the level of misunderstanding is very much high. Employees of papa dhoom donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t follow any time table and they are also not that much skilled. For example if the outlet opening time is 10am employees are coming at 12pm. In papa dhoom there is no job security in each month they are re cruiting new sales man. Then sales man is taking holiday whenever they want because from management no holiday has been declared. The behaviour of the owner is not that much good told by the employees so they are totally de-motivated. Sometimes sales man doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t deal properly with the customer because of all the lacking 2months before Outlet was closed for 2 weeks as there was no salesman. The system and procedures of Papa dhoom is not properly arranged they have lots of problem in their structure and culture so Papa dhoom structure and culture has additionally negative impact on business. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s discuss the factor which influences the individual behavior at work. In each and every organization there is a mix of different people with different personality, Attitude, knowledge, thought, individuality etc. In Aman Marble the personality of the employees is very good for example the way employees deal with the customer, the way they talk, their dress ing style, talking style calculating all of this we can say customers is very much satisfied with the company. The employees of Aman Marble are very much skilled and all of them are male as this is a marble industry the average age of all the employees is 25years to 30years. The manager of Aman marble study the variables linked with job to generate the work atmosphere in a helpful way that employees are tempted to form a positive attitude towards their individual jobs. So the employees are performing better in the company because they form a positive attitude. The Five big factors are Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism or natural reactions. Openness to Experience Represents the tendency to be creative, imaginative, perceptive, and thoughtful. For example in Aman Marble each and every employees have a stunning imagination and excellent ideas and they have the power to understand everything quickly. Conscientiousness Represents t he tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement. For example in Aman Marble employees are always prepared for their new task and they always pay attention to details. They like to take order and try to follow the schedule. Extroversion Represents the tendency to be friendly, self-confident, and dynamic and excitement seeking. For example in Aman Marble the employees are very much friendly with their customers they feel very much comfortable around people they start conversation and talk a lot of different citizens. Agreeableness- Represents the tendencies to be kind, gentle, trusting and trustworthy. For example in Aman Marble employees have lots of interest in other people they sympathize with others feelings and have a soft heart. They also take time out for others and make people feel no difficulty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessment on Organisation and Behaviour" essay for you Create order