The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay

The Six Pillars Of Public Administrations Politics Essay The dichotomy of politics and administration is a model representing the idea that a division is required between the political realm and the field of public administration. As explained by Waldo (1984), there are two early public administration scholars that are credited with the dichotomy: Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow. Although Wilson and Goodnows work was not identical, they both advocated for a strict explanation of the dichotomy. Wilson and Goodnows ideologies regarding the relationship between politics and public administration have served as fundamentally important for developing this essay. This brief discussion about the dichotomy of politics and public administration will include why scholars like Wilson and Goodnow believed it was necessary to separate politics and administration and treat them as two separate fields of study. Wilsons theory evolved during a time when politics was associated with corrupt behavior. Many citizens wanted a more professionally based bureaucracy that would be held to higher levels of accountability versus being controlled by politics. These ideas were clearly communicated in Madisons Federalist No. 10. Madison (1787) described the relationship between politics and administration by explaining that a factious spirit had tainted Americas public administration. Wilson reinforced the ideas of the founding fathers in The Study of Administration. Wilson (1886) expanded on Madisons ideas explaining that the bureaucracy needed to be more businesslike with civil servants providing services that were nonpartisan. In The Study of Administration, Wilson (1886) states that, Administrative questions are not political questions. Although politics sets the tasks for administration, it should not be suffered to manipulate its offices (210). With the latter quote being stated by Wilson, public administration should be considered a science irrelevant from any type of political coercion when it comes to things like decision making, policy, and public service. Bureaucracies all share a common goal and this is to provide services that benefit the overall public good; however, it is nearly impossible to completely separate politics from administration. For example, policies are often designed and implemented due to public sentiment. The number goal of a politician is to get re-elected; therefore, elected officials cannot ignore public opinion. Policies are written and passed by elected officials and then implemented by public agencies. Programs created by policies often die at the implementation phase because bureaucrats hold the power with providing optimal levels of implementation. One of the reasons programs are not properly implemented can be attributed to the fact that many bureaucrats may deliberately administer poor im plementation due to a program being contradictive to their political beliefs. Goodnow (1900) took a realistic approach to the dichotomy explaining that politics and administration needed to be two separate functions but, simultaneously, politics would never be completely separate from administration. Goodnows beliefs are demonstrated in the policy and implementation synopsis provided in the previous paragraph. Americas bureaucracies today are not as corrupt as they were during the time Madison vocalized his views in the Federalist Papers. Thanks to extensive empirical research and social science theories, the field of public administration is based on efficiency, accountability to the public, and effectiveness. It would be unreasonable to assume that political coercion does not still plague public administrators on occasion because politics will also play a role in public administration. Responsible public administrator When researching the topic of Responsibility in the realm of Public Administration, one encounters a very extensive literature base regarding the importance and reasons for responsible civil servants. Exploring the topic of responsibility and its significance in the field of public service reveals a strong connection between all of the pillars of public administration. Public administrators are held accountable by the public and they cannot act on their own accord because they are held responsible to the officials who have been elected by the public. Elected officials determine the course of action of public servants and this fact is highly relevant to the dichotomy of politics and public administration (Finer, 1941, p. 335). In order for public servants to be responsible, they must adhere to certain values and principles which make them efficient, legitimate, and representative of social equity. Svara(2007) has stated the highest duty of public administrators is to embrace a broad s et of obligations and responsibilities that promote the public interest, demonstrate character, advance justice, and seek the greatest good. Gaus (1953) explained the relationship that is created for the responsible public servant between the other pillars by stating that, The contribution of the United States to the idea of responsibility in administration was made by requiring the chief executive-and later many minor executives-to submit directly or indirectly to popular vote (432). The general public elects officials to represent them and protect them to a certain extent. As explained in the dichotomy, there are two sides to public administration. In regards to responsibility, legislators and politicians have the responsibility of designing policies to address social issues in an attempt of solving issues. The administrative side of the responsibility has to do with implementation of the policies designed by elected officials. The relationship between chief executives and other elected officials and the bureaucracy is clearly demonstrated in the nature of punitive policies. For example, legislators designed policies that place restrictions on speed limits. In order to keep roads and highways safe, reckless driving behaviors must be curtailed and this is done through punitive policies. Drivers that violate the speed limit know they are at risk to be cited and subject to fines and jail time; therefore, it may be tempting to speed but policies are enforced by public administrators to deter this behavior. In this case scenario, street-level bureaucrats are the primary civil servants that are responsible for the implementation of punitive policies. This is a perfect example to illustrate how the decisions made by elected officials, impact the daily work operations of public service. Administrators are responsible for carrying out proper implementation of polices. Finer (1941) made it clear that there is a distinction between policy design and policy execution. This is where public administrators have the most power in their responsibilities. They are the ones responsible for policy execution and it is clearly stated in the literature that implementation is the most importance stage of the policy process. A policy is only as strong as its implementation and many die at this level because of irresponsible public administrators. Ethical issues can arise in this area because administrators may neglect to implement a policy or a program created by an elected official because they do not agree with it or have a hidden agenda. In regards to the link between public administration and the pillars, administration is not less important to democratic government than administrative efficiency; it is even a contributor to efficiency in the long run (Finer, 1941, p. 335). When a public administrator acts responsibly, they have a higher chance of exhibiting ethical behavior and ultimately producing efficiency. Legitimacy Legitimacy of the administrative state is contingent upon several factors. In the event that administrative agencies provide ample, equitable opportunities for public involvement, legitimacy is being carried out. There must also be opportunities for empirical research and decision making in order to accomplish legitimacy in the state. All of the pillars are intertwined with legitimacy. In order for a state to be considered legitimate, their power has to be accepted by the general public; therefore, in order to achieve this broad scope of power a state must be efficient, ethical, serve the public good, be representative, accountable to the public, effective, and responsible to elected officials. According to Dr. Beaumaster, the person who has the authority and power is legitimate (2010). Legitimacy Power is derived from authority; authority is derived from legitimacy; legitimacy is a moral or normative standing. So whenever that person makes an unethical decision, this will reflect in his power and he may lose it. Public organizations can often be affected by their internal and external environments, especially new organizations. It is not uncommon for a new organization to become vulnerable when resources are lost or they have not successfully obtained strong support from their environment (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Consumer preferences and public sentiment always affect business and this is applicable in both the public and private sectors; however, public agencies face bigger issues with legitimacy because they are held highly accountable to the public. For example, the issue of raising taxes is always a contentious decision for elected officials because the public can show adamant opposition to paying higher taxes. Rainey (2003) explains that when voters resist taxes, governments face analogous problems (359). Public and oversight authorities often impose stricter criteria on public organizations for honest, legitimate behaviors (Rainey, 2003, p. 359). Expanding on the last quote, an example of illegitimate behavior in a bureaucracy would be an elected official using coercive power on a public servant in order to get something accomplished. Abuse of power is an age-old problem in bureaucracies. In the event an individual were granted a prestigious position in government based solely on being from a prominent family, their appointment to the position would constitute as illegitimate. There were accusations of coercive power and bureaucratic appointments that were not legitimate during the George W. Bush administration (Maitland, 1989, p.11). To increase and ensure legitimate practices in government and to secure a legitimate administrative state, Peffer (2008) suggests that public servants must be recruited that possess expertise, values, virtue, leadership, and vision. Government agencies should focus on recruiting the best and the brightest managers and employees but public servants must develop a direct relationship with citizens in order to be completely legitimate. Research shows that the bureaucracy has to be legitimate in practice not just in theory (Peffer, 2008, p. 1). When all of the pillars of public administration are combined, they are likely to produce legitimacy which creates stability within the state. There are four sources to gain legitimacy; constitution, legal, public perception, and professionalism The legal is the primary source because it is the thing that can prove that you have something such as school diploma verifies that you earn a degree from that school. The secondary legal source of legitimacy is constitution because the constitution is used to determine the legitimacy of anybody that has an authority position. Third is public perception. The perception of someone regardless their position in society makes them legitimate in some level (Beaumaster, 2009). Accountability The goal of public service is to provide the greatest amount of public good for the least amount of money. The public depends on governments to provide high quality services; therefore, public servants are held highly accountable by the constituents they serve. Accountability is a fundamental element of public administration is linked with the other pillars. Accountability requires ethical decision making, equal representation, legitimacy, efficiency, effectiveness, responsibility, and accountability is intertwined with the dichotomy of politics and public administration, as well. Public servants are held accountable by both the public and the elected officials. A rational civilization can only be organized and achieved through accountable behaviors carried out legislatively, judicially, and administratively (Ashworth, 2001, p. 163). Accountability in the public sector is a bigger issue than in private sectors of business. It is a fact that public managers and organizations remain accountable to various authorities and interests and to the rule of law in general (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Private sector industries have one goal and that is usually monetary profit. The goals of public agencies are typically quite different. Providing the public good and carrying out the will of the public is a very vague goal and one that is an ambitious endeavor, as well. With this being stated, public agencies are held accountable to a wider range of people than private sector businesses. Representativeness is highly related to accountability because it refers to the multitude of ways elected officials must represent their citizens (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Through being chosen to represent a locality or a state government or even national government, public officials are held accountable. The dichotomy of politics and public administr ation should be highly transparent here. According to the literature, there are different types of accountability. The types of accountability are: Hierarchical, legal, professional, and political. Rainey (2003) defined hierarchical and legal accountability as having increased levels of control. With hierarchical and legal accountability, it is less likely that a bureaucrat would be granted large levels of discretionary decision making power. Decision making would likely evolve from top-level executives within the organizations. One will find decreased levels of control with professional and political accountability. Administrators may be granted the discretionary decision making power to decide whether or not a response is wise to an external influence (Rainey, 2003, p. 96). Accountability is a serious element of Public Administration. For example, many researchers believe that the episode with the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986 can be attributed to group think (Forest, 1995, p. 1). Group think falls under the category of professional accountability. In the situation of the Challenger explosion, accountability issues resulted in taking the lives of seven people. Public administrators are often confronted with unethical situations where they are forced to make the right decisions in order to abide by their accountability standards for carrying out the good of the public. It is important to remain accountable to the public and to the elected officials one serves without compromising integrity in order to achieve career advancement or to not hinder career advancement (Ashworth, 2001, p. 153). Public organizations do not have the luxury that private businesses enjoy because their daily operations and files are open to the public. The public must be promised accessibility in order to garner trust from constituents. Accountability is a large realm of public administration that encompasses many aspects of public service. Representation According to Dr. Beaumaster (2010), representation deals with who is going to represent the will of the people. Are they those who are elected by the people themselves? Representation is not the cornerstone of public administration but it is the cornerstone of our entire government system. So the people chose who is going to be responsible and accountable for the country and them. According to Jefferson, power came from the land and from the people (cited in Kettl, 2002). So without people, the government has no power. The jobs of public administrators often require the pursuit of consistency in order to achieve stability. But the role of the elected official can be somewhat different because the politician is the person that has been chosen to represent the public. Ashworth (2001) explains that politicians tend to seek change and new accommodations in an attempt to impress their constituents for the purpose of gaining re-election. Politicians often want to sweep out the old and bring in the new, whereas public administrators want to tinker with existing programs and make incremental changes in an attempt to improve public service, (Ashworth, 2001, p.11). It should be evident that the goals of politicians and public administrators are different in nature. Those innate differences are what create the issue with representation in public administration. Representation is a classic issue in government and public administration and more recently is has garnered significant attention because of affirmative action programs, equal employment opportunity policies, and a growing trend towards increased representation on diverse populations (Rainey, 2003, p. 97). Representativeness is the pillar of public administration that refers to the ways elected officials can represent their citizens and these different ways are what mold and shape the responsibilities of a public servant. Elected officials tend to determine the way the needs of their citizens are represented and this illustration of how the dichotomy of politics and public administration works. In regards to the pillars of public administration, they are all interconnected with representativeness. In order to be adequately representative of a targeted population, a public servant must exhibit ethical behaviors, be responsive to needs, produce efficient results, and obtain high levels of legitimacy. Rainey (2003) explains that there are two types of representation: passive and active. Rainey explains that active representation occurs when members of a group actually serve as advocates for the group in decisions about programs and policies (97). Passive representation simply refers to situations where members of a group are simply present in a government entity or agency. The difference between the two types of representation was imperative to explain because the type often determines the values, goals, and mission of an agency. The type of representation that is decided upon has potential to create contention. Conflicting values and criteria often present challenges for public managers. Furthermore, external authorities and political actors intervene in management decisions in pursuit of responsiveness and accountability, and impose structures and constraints on the pursuit of equity, efficiency, and effectiveness. Rainey (2003) made it known that sharp conflicts over which values should predominate-professional effectiveness or political accountability, for example-lead to major transformations of organizational operations and culture (98). Anytime an agency is influenced by external sources to change or alter their value system, for example, issues are likely to arise. All of the information presented in this essay explains the issue with representation. Efficiency and effectiveness In the early days of public administration, government was corrupt. Politicians exercised coercive powers in order to get tasks accomplished. In an attempt to deter corruption in government, an emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness evolved. Efficiency and effectiveness are considered as criterion to measure performance in government. Performance measures are proof of successes and failures in social programs. Public administration researcher, Fried (1976) considered efficiency to be one of the major performance criteria for public bureaucracy in America today. James Madison discussed in the Federalist Papers that dividing government into three branches was a way to place a checks and balances system on powers (Rainey, 2003, p. 94). Madisons ideologies explain how demands for efficiency and effectiveness started. Performance criteria deter corruptive, unethical behaviors in government. Too much political control would not enable public administrations to operate effectively and eff iciently; therefore, agencies would not be able to accomplish the objectives associated with the other pillars of administration. The overall goal of public agencies is rooted in the definition of efficiency. Efficiency has been defined in the literature as producing a good or service at the lowest cost possible while maintaining a constant level of quality (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). The general public holds public servants accountable and responsible for bringing this goal to fruition. Public servants are expected to illustrate competency in their work and incompetent values do not play a role in efficiency and effectiveness. Former United States President, Bill Clinton, launched the National Performance Review in response to inefficient government. Clintons attempt to streamline government resulted in 324,000 government jobs being eliminated (Rainey, 2003, p. 95). Efficiency and effectiveness can be hindered by unethical behavior. Public administrators play the most important role in program and policy implementation. Efficient implementation is imperative for producing effectiveness. If efficient, competent behaviors have not been engaged in, a program or policy evaluation is likely to reveal incompetence. Law enforcement agents, commonly referred to street-level bureaucrats, are granted massive levels of discretionary decision making power. In the event they chose to not implement a policy handed down from a high-level executive, they are not being accountable, responsive, efficient, legitimate, or effective. Hypothetically speaking, if a police officer pulls someone over for speeding and makes the decision to let the driver go and not write a citation they are exhibiting incompetent behaviors. Incompetency leads to inefficient policies that are not effective. If a policy is not enforced by the bureaucracy, it may be deemed as useless. Measuring effectiveness often presents obstacles for public agencies. Bureaucracies are often burdened with the choice of whether to measure effectiveness using subjective measures or objective measures (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). This poses a problem because agencies do not always produce measurements that are tangible; therefore, many agencies may measure effectiveness through profits and productivity (Rainey, 2003, p. 136). Mott (1972) studied effectiveness in public agencies by requesting that managers rate the quantity, quality, efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility of their departmental units. Motts study is representative of how organizations may combine both a qualitative and quantitative approach to measuring effectiveness. If an agency proves effectiveness, it is highly likely that public administrators have engaged in efficient strategies to implement programs and policies.

Pasta Hut and Pizza Hut: product life cycle Essay

On April 2008, Pizza Hut announced the introduction of a new product line called the â€Å"Tuscani Pasta†. Like any product, this product has a life cycle. Different strategies should be maintained through each stage of the cycle in order to move the product throughout the cycle. 1.Introduction Stage:The main purpose of this stage is to introduce the new product to the market. The company must be aware of the tremendous amount of time and money which will be spent at this stage in order to attract consumers, grab their attention to this new product, and make them try it. In this stage, there are several strategies for the company to follow: †¢The company must well advertise their new product and obtain a trademark for it so customers will be aware about this product. Pizza Hut had spread many of announcements about their new product â€Å"Pasta Hut†. They alerted the customers by several ways:Pizza Hut’s web site was redesigned and many attractive pictures of the new pasta were added in their homepage. They also created a new URL to market the Tuscani Pasta. In addition, they gave out coupons and they advertized the new product everywhere in the newspaper, magazines, and TV. †¢At this stage, sale growth might be slow. So, it is recommended to keep the price relatively high in order to overcome the high costs associated with introducing the new product. Therefore, the revenue may be low, too. †¢At the beginning, the distribution must be limited until people become more familiar with the product. Pasta Hut has followed this pattern by introducing this new product in main cities that are known with their multi-cultural population. †¢A company should also start first with one or few products in order to test the customer’s reaction. As in Pasta Hut, they produced only two types: creamy Chicken Alfredo and Meaty Marinara. 2.Growth Stage:In the growth stage, the highest rate of sales for the company is maintained. The raise in the number of customers who are aware of the  product will lead to rapid growth in revenue. During this stage, competitors have just started to arise and they are still in the introduction stage. This stage is the best time of every new product where the costs are less and the revenue is high and strategies can include: †¢Increase the amount of advertisements to build brand preferences and to attract new target market. For instance, Past Hut made more ads and added new slogans to the ads to attract more customers. They gave it an Italian name (Tuscani Pastas) to give it a classy Italian atmosphere and to attract different ethnic groups. They also put some ads, which shows the pastas as a luxuries meal and not a fast food. †¢Price can be maintained at the same level if the company noticed the demand is increasing. In some situations, the company can reduce the price as a strategy to attract new customers who cares about the price. In the case of Tuscani Pasta, a reduction in the price can be a clever idea to attract students and labors. †¢It is the best time to expand the distribution of the product to draw as many customers as the company can before competitors can reach them. Pasta Hut started at this stage to sell their pastas in almost all Pizza Huts stores in all most all the cities. †¢This stage is the perfect time to adjust the product and to add some additional features on it. Different packaging options, and different portions are now available in the pastas of the Pasta Hut. 3.Maturity Stage:This is the longest and the most challenging stage where a company wants to maintain its success, increase the market share, and extend the products life cycle with the existence of high and tough Competitors who offer similar products with competing futures and prices. In order to uphold this success for the longest period:†¢The company must put more effort on advertising to establish loyal customers. These ads must let the product seem more unique and improved. For example: Pasta Huts new logo  may contain the words bigger, better, or more flavor. They also can offer promotions on their Pastas. †¢Price should be lowered because the competition is higher and it is a great way to attract the consumer. †¢New distribution channels must be added and different incentives can be introduced. In this case Pasta Hut can give offers to students or other target customers so they keep their loyalty. †¢A good step is to bring in a new line in the product, apply some modifications, or add some other features to the product be able to differentiate it from other competitor’s products. In this case, Pizza Hut can introduce additional types of pastas with different flavors and additional contents. 4.Decline Stage:During the decline stage, or sometimes referred to the aging stage, the public taste will change, new technologies will enter the market, and the market will be full of competitors and many other similar products. In this case, the competition is high and demand on the product probably will be low. Therefore, cost for producing this product might increase and revenues will decrease. The only factor that makes the product continue its production is the loyal customers. For that reason: †¢Marketers should study their product lines to know which is the most popular one and decide whether to keep producing it or no. For instance Pasta Hut can only keep the two most popular pastas in their lines. †¢Distribution must be more selective in places where the demand on the product is high. For example, Pasta Hut can sell its product only in universities’ food court if they found high demand of this pasta in universities’ food court. This is the last stage in the product life cycle. After that, if the company  noticed that this product is not beneficial anymore (the cost is increasing and revenues are not covering this cost), they should stop producing this product and think of another product line. 1 QuickMBA, â€Å"The Product Life Cycle†, 2 MSNmoney, â€Å"Pasta Hut: Millions and Millions Sold†, 3 Pizzahut, 4 USAtoday, â€Å"Pizza Hut preparing pans of pasta for delivery†, 5 PRweek, â€Å"Pizza Hut scores big with Tuscani Pastas†,

A Startling Fact about How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H Uncovered

A Startling Fact about How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H Uncovered Jim was a neighborhood resident, and a seasoned pilot previously. We're a responsible writing service and cannot deliver what it is possible to find elsewhere. The very best thing about us is that each and every time you can buy original essay papers for sale. It is crucial to remember that transition doesn't begin after graduate degree completion. Things You Won't Like About How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H and Things You Will It's humbling to know that you're in a position to earn a difference in peoples' lives on any particular day. With the aging population issue being currently among the most significant for the children that are searching for an acceptable nursing home for their parents or relatives, it's becoming a crucial question in their opinion. In such instance, you could also suggest the regions you recommend fo r more studies or the key limitations of the present study. Therefore, the residents aren't provided with the service they want and their needs aren't taken care of. The Debate Over How to Write a Nursing Essay Introduction on How My Values Align with the H The nursing research paper supplies you with the chance to demonstrate your understanding of the given subject. Planning your paper As you learn to compose a nursing essay, it's important to do a little bit of planning. Finally, your nursing essay has to be correctly referenced. Even as writing a nursing entrance school essay might become challenging, Academic Sciences UK essay writing service is available to direct you on planning, and provide the essential information needed to stick out from the remainder of the candidates. Rules which don't promote the overall welfare ought to be changed when necessary to fulfill the best good for the best number of people (Kohlberg, 1981). This exercise can help you clarify your thoughts about the basis of nursing and nursing practice. The aging population class is thought of as the important consumer of the resources supplied by healthcare. There is an assortment of reasons why it is essential to bridge the differences among nurses of varied backgrounds, so they can identify with a mutual nursing ideology and mission. It's crucial that you stick out from the rest of the applicants. An individual should note again that nursing assistance available in the community must meet all the everyday needs of the residents and assist them in various pursuits. At present, lots of the communities might not have facilities offered for the separate situations occurred because of illness which may be possibly carried by the individual and the urgent attention may not be paid in due course only for the reasons of understaffed homes. We supply a platform at which you can directly get in touch with your writer this can cut back communication barrier. A good suggestion is to bear in mind your lecturer has lots of essays to mark and wishes to provide you marks. When writing any part of your nursing essay, keep the sentences short, ea sy and clear as it will help to convey ideas in a manner that engages the reader. Such connecting phrases enable you to tie the points made previously with the true text of the conclusion that you're writing. This outline will allow you to stay centered on the topic! Preparing for submission You want to get ready for the draft and after that read it again to be certain that it is going to be grammar error free and that it is reasonable. After the draft is finalized, be certain that you understand how to compose a nursing essay and it'll satisfy the departmental formatting needed. Preparing for Submission Once the last draft was completed it's important to guarantee that the nursing essay meets the departmental formatting requirements. If you're going to order from our affordable essay writing service, there is going to be a personal consultant who will assist you in composing the paper in addition to the sound structure that's composed of 3 primary structural elements. Custom writing means a significant company with high standards. To have the ability to shine, you must begin composing the outline in a really creative method. Essay structure enables you to align your ideas and ideas logically, making them readable and simple to comprehend.

Assessment on Organisation and Behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1573 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Assessment on Organization and Behavior Assessment tool: Report An Organization Structure is the display of how the roles, responsibilities, work and power are distributed, controlled and harmonized and how the information passes between the different levels of management. There are mainly two types of structures formal structure and informal structure. A structure mainly based on the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives and policy. In centralized structures most of the decisions are taken from the top level and has tight control over all the departments where as in decentralized structure powers are distributed and decision can be taken from any levels of the organization. An Organization Culture is based on sharing attitudes, beliefs, and customs, written and unwritten rules that have been developed overtime and are considered valid. Organization culture is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, style symbol etc. We can also say the way organization conducts its business, treats its employees, customers, and the wider community. I choose two organizations for comparing the structures and culture first one is Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd and other one is Papa Doom Gents collection. Both of the organizations are doing sold trader business. Aman Marble Granite industries LTD Aman Marble Granite industries LTD started business in 2003.They are the importer dealer supplier of various design of marble. They import all kind of marble from turkey, and Italy. Organization Structure of Aman Marble Granite industries are given below: Aman Marble Granite Ltd follows formal structure this is a big size company and most of the decisions are taken from the Managing Director. It is a tall organization they has a large number of level of management chain of command. By this structure it is brightly clear that the structure contains a clear focus on different segments. Each lin e gives more care for the target segment, (i.e. they identify customer needs more accurately).Definitely when each sector has its own team, for instance having a maintenance, Contract and management team then definitely that product will be monitored more effectively (i.e. better planning and strategy making) Some positive competition is seen as well, as because each team want to prove more worthy than the other. This may also enhance the efficiency in the management and among individuals as well. If sales increases for a clear focus on different market segments and if costs are reduced for rise in efficiency then it is quiet natural that with this structure the company will have higher profits. Culture of Aman Marble Granite industries LTD: Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd follow role culture in each sector managers are individually focusing on the activities or the duties .This clearly matched with the characteristics of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s structure as differ ent roles will be available. With role culture Aman marble ensure that their operations is running more efficiently. Aman marble Granite industries ltd employees has also some exceptional culture like they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get any holiday during any kind of festival except Eid. They always need to carry wireless phone if they are inside the factory beside that their dress code is black shirt black pant. They also canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t switch on their cell phone during the working time. In case of any emergency calls are received by the managers of the individual department. The employees of Aman Marble Granite LTD are very much disciplined and in each year they have some reward session like best employee of the year, Papa Doom Gents collection: Papa doom is one of the local fashion houses in Bangladesh. They have started their business in 2002. They have various collections of products for Menà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s apparel. Organization structures of Papa Doom Gents c ollection are given below: Papa Doom follows informal structure this is a small organization. Over here power is divided between everyone collection man have his own freedom to choose all the dresses. In this organization there is no middle man for communicating each other. As this is a flat organization each member is playing different role at a time for example manager is also handling cash as well. In this structure they need to face lots of difficulties to run the business because everyone is taking decision as they want there is not that much proper control. Culture of Papa doom: Papa doom follows power culture for example there is no time table of opening the outlet. They can go outside for a break during the duty time. They are taking holidays only by giving a letter to the boss without taking permission. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have any dress code or that much extra particular restriction. So in one line we can say there is no discipline or proper control in this organization. So after comparing both the organization Aman Marble Granite industries Ltd is more profitable organization then Papa doom their structures and cultures are far more better then Papa doom. If Papa doom can change their structure and culture they might be more profitable. Now letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s see how organizations structure and culture affects the business performance. Sometimes it is easier to identify the structure of the business and this can be figured out by looking at what type of business it is. Now if we look at Aman Marble Granite industries LTD then we will see that their structure is formal and this structure is needed to be maintained by those businesses as well which are planning to increase their product line. However in terms of culture, role culture has been followed by Aman Marble Granite industries ltd for improving their performance. As Aman Marble Granite industries follows formal structure over here employees are getting lots o f facility like job security, pay on time, reward, bonus, over time holiday etc. So the employees of Aman marble are satisfied and they are very much motivated with their work. The system and procedures which is following in Aman marble came from their structure and culture and this system is helping their company to run smoothly and as all the members of the company is giving equal support day by day performance of the business is getting higher. Aman Marble and Granite Industries LTD Structure and culture have positive impact on their business. In other hand if we talk about Papa dhoom they are following Informal structure over here power is divided to all member of the organization so the level of misunderstanding is very much high. Employees of papa dhoom donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t follow any time table and they are also not that much skilled. For example if the outlet opening time is 10am employees are coming at 12pm. In papa dhoom there is no job security in each month they are re cruiting new sales man. Then sales man is taking holiday whenever they want because from management no holiday has been declared. The behaviour of the owner is not that much good told by the employees so they are totally de-motivated. Sometimes sales man doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t deal properly with the customer because of all the lacking 2months before Outlet was closed for 2 weeks as there was no salesman. The system and procedures of Papa dhoom is not properly arranged they have lots of problem in their structure and culture so Papa dhoom structure and culture has additionally negative impact on business. Letà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s discuss the factor which influences the individual behavior at work. In each and every organization there is a mix of different people with different personality, Attitude, knowledge, thought, individuality etc. In Aman Marble the personality of the employees is very good for example the way employees deal with the customer, the way they talk, their dress ing style, talking style calculating all of this we can say customers is very much satisfied with the company. The employees of Aman Marble are very much skilled and all of them are male as this is a marble industry the average age of all the employees is 25years to 30years. The manager of Aman marble study the variables linked with job to generate the work atmosphere in a helpful way that employees are tempted to form a positive attitude towards their individual jobs. So the employees are performing better in the company because they form a positive attitude. The Five big factors are Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism or natural reactions. Openness to Experience Represents the tendency to be creative, imaginative, perceptive, and thoughtful. For example in Aman Marble each and every employees have a stunning imagination and excellent ideas and they have the power to understand everything quickly. Conscientiousness Represents t he tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement. For example in Aman Marble employees are always prepared for their new task and they always pay attention to details. They like to take order and try to follow the schedule. Extroversion Represents the tendency to be friendly, self-confident, and dynamic and excitement seeking. For example in Aman Marble the employees are very much friendly with their customers they feel very much comfortable around people they start conversation and talk a lot of different citizens. Agreeableness- Represents the tendencies to be kind, gentle, trusting and trustworthy. For example in Aman Marble employees have lots of interest in other people they sympathize with others feelings and have a soft heart. They also take time out for others and make people feel no difficulty. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessment on Organisation and Behaviour" essay for you Create order